Some characteristics of the GLE on 10 September 2017

Kurt, Viktoria; Belov, Anatoli; Kudela, Karel; Yushkov, Boris

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.00226

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The event of interest (SOL2017-09-10T16:06) occurred in Active Region (AR) 12673 at the west limb, associated with an X8.2+ flare and a fast CME, which themselves were extremely remarkable in many respects, including being the second largest flare and causing the second ground-level enhancement event of Solar Cycle 24 (e.g., Gary et al 2018;Gopalswamy et al 2018;Guo et al 2018;Kurt et al 2018;Li et al 2018;Omodei et al 2018;Polito et al 2018;Warren et al 2018;Yan et al 2018).…”

Section: Observational Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Truly Global Extreme Ultraviolet Wave from the SOL2017-09-10 X8.2+ Solar Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection

Liu

Jin

Downs

et al. 2018

ApJL

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We report SDO/AIA observations of an extraordinary global extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave triggered by the X8.2+ flare-CME eruption on 2017 September 10. This was one of the best EUV waves ever observed with modern instruments, yet it was likely the last one of such magnitudes of Solar Cycle 24 as the Sun heads toward the minimum. Its remarkable characteristics include the following.(1) The wave was observed, for the first time, to traverse the full-Sun corona over the entire visible solar disk and off-limb circumference, manifesting a truly global nature, owing to its exceptionally large amplitude, e.g., with EUV enhancements by up to 300% at 1.1R from the eruption. (2) This leads to strong transmissions (in addition to commonly observed reflections) in and out of both polar coronal holes, which are usually devoid of EUV waves. It has elevated wave speeds >2000 km s −1 within them, consistent with the expected higher fast-mode magnetosonic wave speeds. The coronal holes essentially serve as new "radiation centers" for the waves being refracted out of them, which then travel toward the equator and collide head-on, causing additional EUV enhancements. (3) The wave produces significant compressional heating to local plasma upon its impact, indicated by longlasting EUV intensity changes and differential emission measure increases at higher temperatures (e.g., log T = 6.2) accompanied by decreases at lower temperatures (e.g., log T = 6.0). These characteristics signify the potential of such EUV waves for novel magnetic and thermal diagnostics of the solar corona on global scales.

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Section: Observational Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Truly Global Extreme Ultraviolet Wave from the SOL2017-09-10 X8.2+ Solar Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection

Liu

Jin

Downs

et al. 2018

ApJL

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“…The solar flare of September 10th, 2017, produced solar energetic particles (SEPs), with energies of 400 MeV, that induced the ground level enhancement (GLE) 72 [7,8]. GLE 72 was observed by neutron monitors around the world and probably explains the increase shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: J Newton-boschmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the Solar Neutron Telescope at Sierra Negra, Mexico

Newton-Bosch,

González,

Valdés-Galicia

et al. 2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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The effects of Space Weather events on cosmic rays detected by the Solar Neutron Telescope (SNT) at Sierra Negra, Mexico, were studied. The SNT is part of the Sierra Negra Cosmic Ray Observatory (SN-CRO), located at 4580 m a.s.l. We analyzed the data recorded by six SNT channels (C2, C3, C4, N2, N3, and N4) during geomagnetic storms from December 2015 to December 2022. Using the Dst and Kp indices, 30 moderate (Dst < -50 nT, Kp ≥ 5) and intense (Dst < -100 nT, Kp ≥ 7) geomagnetic storms were selected. The C2, C3, C4, N2, N3 and N4 channels detect charged and neutral particles, respectively, with energy deposition thresholds of E > 60, 90 and 120 MeV. The counting rates of these channels present diurnal variation, which was removed with the seasonal trend decomposition using Loess method. After data treatment, either significant decreases or enhancements were observed in the trend of at least one SNT channel for 21 of the analyzed events. Two confirmed Forbush decreases were also identified.

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“…A conjunction between CME-driven interplanetary shocks and an X8.2-class flare triggered the GLE #72 detected by neutron monitors located at high latitudes. Some characteristics of the GLE #72 can be found in (Kurt et al 2018) and the kinematics of the blast on 2017 September 10 and the spectral characteristics of the associated energetic particles were reported in (Gopalswamy et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic Proton Levels from Region AR 12673 (GLE #72) and the Heliospheric Current Sheet as a Sun–Earth Magnetic Connection

Augusto

Navia

Oliveira

et al. 2018

PASP

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On 2017 September 10 Neutron Monitors (NMs) apparatus located at ground level and high latitudes detected an increase in the counting rate associated to solar energetic particles (SEPs) emission from X8.2-class solar flare and its associated CME. This was the second-highest flare of the current solar cycle. The origin was the active region AR 12673 when it was located at the edge of the west solar disk, magnetically poorly connected with Earth. However, there was a peculiar condition: the solar protons accelerated by the CME shocks were injected within a heliospheric current sheet (HCS) region when Earth was crossing this region. We show that often HCS and SEPs propagation are closely related. If the source locations of SEPs are within or close to HCS, the HCS play the role of a Sun−Earth magnetic connection. SEPs drift around HCS paths, and SEPs are also drift in a wide range of longitudes by the HCSs. In some cases, and especially when Earth crosses the HCS sector, a fraction of these particles can reach Earth with a harder energetic particle flux, triggering a ground-level enhancement (GLE). The blast on 2017 September 10, which triggered the GLE #72, was the second in the current solar cycle. We show that the two GLEs, including all sub-GLEs observed in the current solar cycle, comes from solar explosions that happened within an HCS structure; this behavior is also observed in the GLEs of the previous solar cycle. In general, solar explosions from active regions poorly connected with Earth can trigger GLEs, through the mechanism described above. In all cases, the SEPs drift processes by HCS structures provides an efficient particle transport, allowing the observation of these solar transient events.

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Some characteristics of the GLE on 10 September 2017

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

A Truly Global Extreme Ultraviolet Wave from the SOL2017-09-10 X8.2+ Solar Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection

A Truly Global Extreme Ultraviolet Wave from the SOL2017-09-10 X8.2+ Solar Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection

Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the Solar Neutron Telescope at Sierra Negra, Mexico

Relativistic Proton Levels from Region AR 12673 (GLE #72) and the Heliospheric Current Sheet as a Sun–Earth Magnetic Connection

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