Some Characteristics of Tropical Thunderstorms

Aiya, S. V. Chandrashekhar

doi:10.1038/208641a0

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Considerable work has been carried out over the tropical and extratropical regions on thunderstorm related parameter, namely, lightning by examining the flash data collected through different techniques during the last 2 decades [ Thotappallippi et al , 1992; Price and Rind ,1994a, 1994b; Mackerras and Darveniza , 1994; Orville , 1994; Orville et al , 1997; Hodnaish et al , 1997; Yair et al , 1998; Pinto et al , 1999; Boccippio et al , 2000a, 2000b, 2000c; Nesbitt et al , 2000; Williams et al , 2000; Petersen and Rutledge , 2001; Toracinta et al , 2002]. However, the studies over the Indian region are sparse, except those reported by Aiya and Sonde [1963], Aiya [1965, 1981], Manohar et al [1999], and, recently, Kandalgaonkar et al [2003]. From the studies referenced above and others, it is seen that the latitudinal distribution of thunderstorm activity over the Indian region is different from the rest of the tropics.…”

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Spatio‐temporal variability of lightning activity over the Indian region

Kandalgaonkar¹

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Spatio-temporal variability of lightning activity over the Indian land mass region (8°N-33°N, 73°E-86°E) has been studied using monthly satellite based lightning flash grid (5°Â 5°) data for 5-year (1998-2002) period. These data have been examined for depicting the annual, seasonal, and spatial distribution of the lightning activity. The study revealed the nonlinear relationship between lightning flash density and latitude on the annual timescale, and it is linked with the convective activity, large-scale circulations, land mass gradient, and orography of the region under study. On the seasonal timescale, the nonlinear positive relationships were observed in the premonsoon and monsoon seasons whereas a bimodal variation is observed in the post-monsoon season. The comparison of flash density with maximum surface air temperature shows the existence of nonlinear relationship between the two parameters. The approximate range of increase of flash density per 1°C rise in temperature is 20 to 44%. The lightning flash density shows a pronounced semiannual oscillation over the latitude belts 8°N-28°N.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal variability of lightning activity over the Indian region

Kandalgaonkar¹

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…These are higher than the probable corresponding figures for the higher latitudes, and this makes a difference in the expected contribution of local and near sources. Experimental studies have shown that the distribution of the duration of noise bursts and the number of noise bursts received per minute is log normal with mean values of 500 and 20, respectively, on local storm days [Aiya and Lakshminarayan, 1965;Aiya, 1965]. This shows that noise arising solely from local sources can occupy more than 10% of the time.…”

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“…On a local storm day, several thunderclouds may be active in a circle having a radius of 300 kin, and the different thunderclouds may be active during different hours of the day. The integrated effect of all such thunderclouds has been extensively investigated [Aiya, 1965]. This activity commences around local noon and continues until the following sunrise or a little later, but there is ordinarily no activity between 8 and 12 hours LMT in the tropics.…”

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Atmospheric noise data for tropical regions

Aiya¹

1979

Radio Science

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The known unsatisfactory nature of atmospheric noise data based on pre-1964 measurements for tropical regions is due to the inadequacy of the dynamic range of the measuring equipment in recording local storm noise. This high-amplitude, highly impulsive noise arises from the electrical discharges inside the cloud at heights varying from about 3 to over 10 km above the mean sea level in the tropics. Direct ray reception of the radiation from such discharges is expected for source distances of the order of 300 km. The number of local storm days is experimentally found to be about three times the recorded number of thunderstorm days and can exceed 50% of the days of a season in the tropics. Electrical discharges corresponding to one lightning flash give rise to one noise burst in the receiver. The structure of such noise bursts and their amplitude and time characteristics have been studied. Highest amplitude noise present for 10% of the time in a short period of time like 5 min is the portion-relevant for interference purposes, and this arises from the noise bursts described. Its short-term characteristics are log normal. The long-term characteristics of the short-term mean values are also log normal. Consequently, noise data are furnished in terms of mean values and standard deviations. Along with such noise data, the required signal-to-noise ratios for different types of service are also given.

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Seasonal variation of lightning activity over the Indian subcontinent

Ranalkar

Chaudhari

2009

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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Some Characteristics of Tropical Thunderstorms

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Spatio‐temporal variability of lightning activity over the Indian region

Spatio‐temporal variability of lightning activity over the Indian region

Atmospheric noise data for tropical regions

Seasonal variation of lightning activity over the Indian subcontinent

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