Some Clinical Considerations in the Prevention of Suicide Based on a Study of 134 Successful Suicides

Robins, Eli; Murphy, George E.; Wilkinson, Robert H.; Gassner, Seymour; Kayes, Jack

doi:10.2105/ajph.49.7.888

Cited by 661 publications

(257 citation statements)

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“…An elevated suicide rate has been reported for both alcoholics and depressives. 16 The medical patients were the oldest and thus probably had the longest histories of alcohol abuse. All had medical problems upon admission, and some of these were acutely life-threatening, as reflected by the high death rate during the first year following admission, with a subsequent decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geometric mean measles antibody titer for the nine cases was 133 (95 per cent confidence limits of 126-141), for group A controls was 33 (95 per cent confidence limits of 28-38) and for group B controls 17 (95 per cent confidence limits of [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The differences in the geometric mean titers between cases and both control groups are statistically significant (p < .01 for cases vs group A controls and p < .001 for cases vs group B controls by the student's t test).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential mortality among alcoholics by sample site.

Combs‐Orme¹,

Taylor²,

Robins³

et al. 1983

Am J Public Health

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The geometric mean measles antibody titer for the nine cases was 133 (95 per cent confidence limits of 126-141), for group A controls was 33 (95 per cent confidence limits of [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and for group B controls 17 (95 per cent confidence limits of 11-24). The differences in the geometric mean titers between cases and both control groups are statistically significant (p < .01 for cases vs group A controls and p < .001 for cases vs group B controls by the student's t test). DiscussionAlthough the use of the jet injector gun has been associated with a slight increase in local reactions when used to administer diphtheria-tetanus toxoid,7 this problem has not been reported with measles vaccine. The adverse reactions seen were clinically identical to those described in the late 1960s by Scott and Buser3,4 and the statistically significant higher geometric mean antibody titer of the cases is similar to the findings of Fulginiti.8 The case-control study epidemiologically implicates the previously received killed vaccine.The mechanism of these reactions is not clear. One possible mechanism is an Arthus type phenomenon in a sensitized person, i.e., the prior killed-virus vaccine being the sensitizing factor and a later live-virus vaccine initiating the local tissue damage. Another possible mechanism is that following initial induction of cell mediated immunity by KMV, later challenge with live measles virus vaccine could initiate a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. A third mechanism is based on the finding that inactivated measles vaccine does not induce antibody to the F protein. Abstract: In a sample of 1,289 alcoholics from four clinical sites, the overall mortality rate after five to eight years of observation was 22.0 per cent, 3.1 times the expected rate. Patients from the medical and surgical services of a general hospital suffered 4.0 times the rate of expected mortality and died most often of medical causes associated with alcoholism. Patients of the public alcoholism ward had a mortality rate 3.3 times the expected rate and died of causes often associated with low social class. Private psychiatric patients had a mortality rate 2.3 times the expected rate, and psychiatric outpatients had an excess mortality ratio of 2.1. Sample site must be considered as a variable in the study of mortality among alcoholics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential mortality among alcoholics by sample site.

Combs‐Orme¹,

Taylor²,

Robins³

et al. 1983

Am J Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to recent figures from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States in 2002, suicide was the eleventh most common cause of death (in 1998 it was the eight most common cause) [110]. One of the first studies showing a clear relation between suicide and psychiatric diseases reported that 45% of the suicide victims suffered mood disorders and 23% alcoholism [154]. Thus, several researchers have demonstrated that depression, alcoholism, drugs of abuse, and schizophrenia are the psychiatric pathologies more commonly related to suicide [32,87,119,158].…”

Section: Major Depression and Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrimeric G Proteins: Insights into the Neurobiology of Mood Disorders

González-Maeso

Meana²

2006

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Mood disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder are common, severe, chronic and often lifethreatening illnesses. Suicide is estimated to be the cause of death in up to approximately 10-15% of individuals with mood disorders. Alterations in the signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways have been reported in the etiopathology of mood disorders and the suicidal behavior. In this regard, the implication of certain GPCR subtypes such as 2A -adrenoceptor has been repeatedly described using different approaches. However, several discrepancies have been recently reported in density and functional status of the heterotrimeric G proteins both in major depression and bipolar disorder. A compilation of the most relevant research topics about the implication of heterotrimeric G proteins in the etiology of mood disorders (i.e., animal models of mood disorders, studies in peripheral tissue of depressive patients, and studies in postmortem human brain of suicide victims with mood disorders) will provide a broad perspective of this potential therapeutic target field. Proposed causes of the discrepancies reported at the level of G proteins in postmortem human brain of suicide victims will be discussed.

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“…The third and largest undiagnosed group was comprised of 62 adults (over 16 years of age) who had neither been hospitalized nor had a history of severe, "psychotic" illness. Our data indicated that this group contained none or very few persons with alcoholism, epilepsy, mental deficiency, organic brain syndromes, sociopathy, schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorders.…”

Section: Outpatientsmentioning

confidence: 99%