Some considerations on de Waal and Preston review

Rizzolatti, Giacomo; Caruana, Fausto

doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.139

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This demonstrates that similar networks of brain areas are activated by the perception of facial expressions depicting emotions and the overt expression of the same emotions . Considering the rich connections of insula with parietal, premotor and frontal areas involved in the organization of arm and face movements in the monkey, some authors suggest that this sector of the insula could be part of the Extended Mirror Neuron Network . Neurophysiological and electrical stimulation studies in the monkey further support the notion of the insula involvement in emotion processing, because this area receives not only nociceptive and other somatosensory inputs but also information from the main subcortical nodes of the emotional network .…”

Section: Role Of Motor System and Simulation Mechanisms In Emotion Prmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…15,127 Considering the rich connections of insula with parietal, premotor and frontal areas involved in the organization of arm and face movements in the monkey, 128,136-138 some authors suggest that this sector of the insula could be part of the Extended Mirror Neuron Network. 128,139 Neurophysiological and electrical stimulation studies in the monkey further support the notion of the insula involvement in emotion processing, because this area receives not only nociceptive and other somatosensory inputs but also information from the main subcortical nodes of the emotional network. 140,141 Interestingly, electrical stimulation of insula 142 elicits disgusted facial expressions and affiliative gestures characterized by specific facial motor and vegetative responses, thus highlighting the functional role of this regions of the brain in coordinating motor and autonomic responses in relation to emotional stimuli.…”

Section: Role Of Motor System and Simulation Mechanisms In Emotion mentioning

confidence: 85%

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Congenital facial palsy and emotion processing: The case of Moebius syndrome

Stefani

Nicolini

Belluardo

et al. 2019

Genes Brain and Behavior

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According to the Darwinian perspective, facial expressions of emotions evolved to quickly communicate emotional states and would serve adaptive functions that promote social interactions. Embodied cognition theories suggest that we understand others' emotions by reproducing the perceived expression in our own facial musculature (facial mimicry) and the mere observation of a facial expression can evoke the corresponding emotion in the perceivers. Consequently, the inability to form facial expressions would affect the experience of emotional understanding. In this review, we aimed at providing account on the link between the lack of emotion production and the mechanisms of emotion processing. We address this issue by taking into account Moebius syndrome, a rare neurological disorder that primarily affects the muscles controlling facial expressions. Individuals with Moebius syndrome are born with facial paralysis and inability to form facial expressions. This makes them the ideal population to study whether facial mimicry is necessary for emotion understanding. Here, we discuss behavioral ambiguous/mixed results on emotion recognition deficits in Moebius syndrome suggesting the need to investigate further aspects of emotional processing such as the physiological responses associated with the emotional experience during developmental age.

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Section: Role Of Motor System and Simulation Mechanisms In Emotion Prmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Role Of Motor System and Simulation Mechanisms In Emotion mentioning

confidence: 85%

Congenital facial palsy and emotion processing: The case of Moebius syndrome

Stefani

Nicolini

Belluardo

et al. 2019

Genes Brain and Behavior

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“…However, on the other hand, the discovery of mirror cells in the monkey's brain has also been thought to provide with another neural basis for empathy (Zaki et al, 2009 ; Rizzolatti and Sinigaglia, 2016 ). Debate and controversy still exists between the PAM (de Waal and Preston, 2017 ; Preston and de Waal, 2017 ) and the mirror system (Rizzolatti and Caruana, 2017 ) in terms of theoretical considerations about representations of empathy. Recently, Zaki provided with a motivated model for empathy in which he proposes that empathic response be determined by personal motivations that can be modulated by social approach (capitalization, affiliation, and desirability) and social avoidance (pain, cost, and interference) through situation selection, attention, and appraisal when he/she exposes to and perceives the target cue (Zaki, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating Rat Model of Empathy for Pain: Effects of Pain Expressions in Social Partners

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Pain can be socially transferred between familiar rats due to empathic responses. To validate rat model of empathy for pain, effects of pain expressions in a cagemate demonstrator (CD) in pain on empathic pain responses in a naïve cagemate observer (CO) after 30 min priming dyadic social interactions (PDSI) were evaluated. The CD rats were prepared with four pain models: bee venom (BV), formalin, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and spared nerve injury (SNI). Both BV and formalin tests are characterized by displayable and eye-identifiable spontaneous pain-related behaviors (SPRB) immediately after treatment, while CFA and SNI models are characterized by delayed occurrence of evoked pain hypersensitivity but with less eye-identifiable SPRB. After 30 min PDSI with a CD immediately after BV and formalin, respectively, the empathic mechanical pain hypersensitivity (EMPH) could be identified at both hind paws in CO rats. The BV—or formalin-induced EMPH in CO rats lasted for 4–5 h until full recovery. However, EMPH failed to develop in CO after socially interacting with a CD immediately after CFA, or 2 h after BV when SPRB completely disappeared. The CO's EMPH was partially relieved when socially interacting with an analgecized CD whose SPRB had been significantly suppressed. Moreover, repeated exposures to a CD in pain could enhance EMPH in CO. Finally, social transfer of pain hypersensitivity was also identified in CO who was being co-housed in pairs with a conspecific treated with CFA or SNI. The results suggest that development of EMPH in CO rats would be determined not only by extent of familiarity but also by visually identifiable pain expressions in the social partners during short period of PDSI. However, the visually unidentifiable pain can also be transferred to naïve cagemate when being co-housed in pairs with a distressed conspecific. In summary, the vicariously social contagion of pain between familiar rats is dependent upon not only expressions of pain in social partners but also the time that dyads spent in social communications. The rat model of empathy for pain is a highly stable, reproducible and valid model for studying the neural mechanisms of empathy in lower animals.

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“…the ability to experience and share emotions) to more cognitive forms of empathy like adopting the other’s point of view ( de Waal, 2008 ; De Waal and Preston, 2017 ). Empathy is based on personal embodied representations of emotions that may be mediated by the action of mirror neurons in both motor and emotional brain areas ( Rizzolatti and Caruana, 2017 ). Empathy was traditionally thought to be a characteristic unique to human beings, but empathy for pain and fear and prosocial altruistic behaviors have also been found in both non-human primats and rodents ( Chen, 2018 ; De Waal and Preston, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-social preference in an automated operant two-choice reward task under different housing conditions: Exploratory studies on pro-social decision making

Kentrop

Kalamari

Danesi

et al. 2020

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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In this study, we aimed to develop a behavioral task that measures pro-social decision making in rats. A fully automated, operant pro-social two-choice task is introduced that quantifies pro-social preferences for a mutual food reward in a set-up with tightly controlled task contingencies. Pairs of same-sex adult Wistar rats were placed in an operant chamber divided into two compartments (one rat per compartment), separated by a transparent barrier with holes that allowed the rats to see, hear, smell, but not touch each other. Test rats could earn a sucrose pellet either for themselves (own reward) or for themselves and the partner (both reward) by means of lever pressing. On average, male rats showed a 60 % preference for the lever that yielded a food reward for both themselves and their partner. In contrast, females did not show lever preference, regardless of the estrous cycle phase. Next, the impact of juvenile environmental factors on male rat social decision making was studied. Males were group-housed from postnatal day 26 onwards in complex housing Marlau™ cages that provided social and physical enrichment and stimulation in the form of novelty. Complex housed males did not show a preference for the pro-social lever.

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Some considerations on de Waal and Preston review

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Congenital facial palsy and emotion processing: The case of Moebius syndrome

Congenital facial palsy and emotion processing: The case of Moebius syndrome

Validating Rat Model of Empathy for Pain: Effects of Pain Expressions in Social Partners

Pro-social preference in an automated operant two-choice reward task under different housing conditions: Exploratory studies on pro-social decision making

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