Some Determiners of Social Interaction

Mehrabian, Albert; Ksionzky, Sheldon

doi:10.2307/2786535

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For instance, Burgoon and Hale's (1984) dominance and intimacy categories, Triandis's (1977) dimension of association, superordination, and intimacy, Millar and Rogers's (1976) control and intimacy dimensions, the Bochner et al (1977) dimensions of control, nurturance, and sociability, and Mehrabian and Ksionzky's (1972) affiliation dimension are much like the motive categories of control, inclusion, and affection identified in this study. As was evident in past research, communication motives are linked to communicate behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Burgoon and Hale (1984) argued that relationships could be described along seven major dimensions: control, intimacy, emotional arousal, composure, similarity, formality, and task-social orientation. Inherent in this scheme were: Schutz's (1966) need dimensions of inclusion, affection, and control; Leary's (1957) dimensions of dominance and love; Millar and Rogers's (1976) themes of control, trust, and intimacy; and Mehrabian and Ksionzky's (1972) six factors of nonverbal behavior: affiliation, responsiveness, relaxation, distress, intimate position, and ingratiation. Burgoon and Hale (1987) tested their dimensions, and 12 continua used to define relationships emerged.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Conceptualization and Measurement of Interpersonal Communication Motives

1988

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The goal of this study was to develop and validate an instrument that could be used to ascertain motives individuals have for interpersonal communication. A 28-item scale is presented along with initial information about the scale's construct validity. Results indicated there were six prominent motives: pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, and control. Low communicative apprehensives used interpersonal communication for pleasure, affection, and control while high apprehensiues were more aligned with the inclusion motive. The motives of pleasure, affection; and relaxation were more closely related to communication satisfaction. In fact, communication satisfaction was best predicted by low communication apprehension, gender, and the pleasure, affection, relaxation, and escape communication motives. NTERPERSONAL communication serves a variety of functions in everyday life. It is through communication that people I shape and nurture their self-concepts, make decisions about Rebecca B. Rubin (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1975) is associate professor of speech communication at Kent State University. Elizabeth M. Perse (Ph.D., Kent State University, 1987) is assistant professor of communication at the University of Delaware. Carole A. Barbato (M.A., Kent State University, 1975) is adoctoral student at Kent State University, and instructor of speech communication at Kent State University-East Liverpool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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confidence: 99%

Conceptualization and Measurement of Interpersonal Communication Motives

1988

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“…1. General postural relaxation cues, including rocking movements, leg and foot movements, and body lean (Mehrabian, 1971(Mehrabian, , 1972Mehrabian & Ksionzky, 1972). 2.…”

Section: Social Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explication and Test of a Model of Communicative Competence

1977

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This research investigated the concept of communicative competence. A definition and a five-component model of communicative competence is proposed. Interaction management, empathy, affiliatiodsupport, behavioral flexibility, and social relaxation are identified as components of competence, with interaction management playing a central role. In an experiment designed to partially test the model, 239 S s were assigned to evaluate a confederate's role-played communicative competence in one of four interaction management treatment conditions. Results indicated a strong, positive, linear relationship between interaction management and communicative competence. Positive correlations between competence and other components of the model were observed. The competent communicator is thus described as empathic, affiliative and supportive, and relaxed while interacting; he is capable of adapting his behavior as the situation within an encounter changes and as he moves from encounter to encounter. The manner in which the interaction is managed contributes, in part at least, to his fellow interactants' perceptions of his competence.It must be the nature of man to first examine those things which are exotic in his environment. Only later, after the exotic has been dealt with, does he take note of the "normal" conditions of his dayto-day life. Such seems to be the case, at least, in the study of man's communication behavior. In spite of the pervasiveness of everyday face-to-face interaction, it has received comparatively less study than most other rhetorical situations. While communication scholars have at their disposal a wealth of research on, for example, effective persuasion or interviewing there is very little dealing with effective or "good" conversational behavior.Though research may fail us in this regard, "common sense" does not. It is a fact of our everyday experience that there are some people with whom we would rather converse than others. While most of us can easily identify these "desirable" conversational partners, it is probably more difficult to specify why they are more desirable. The implication is that certain sets of behaviors are more desirable than others in any given specific situation. Further, it is problematic for the interactant to determine which behaviors afford him the best chance of,bringing off an encounter in such a way that all participants will evaluate it positively. PURPOSE AND RATIONALEThe purpose of this study was to explore the substructure of everyday social conversation which allows for judgments of competent conversation behavior in the context of initial interactions.While many people might label the behavior discussed here as "ordinary" social grace, behavioral scientists have dealt with this phenomenon under the rubrics social skill, interpersonal effectiveness, interpersonal competence, and communicative competence.' Because the primary concern here is with communicative behavior, the term "communicative competence" (CC) is used. A little reflection will lead one to believe that s...

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“…These indices, social relaxationlanxiety and responsiveness, are based on the theoretical work of Duval and Wicklund (1972) as well as the empirical work of Mehrabian (1972) and Mehrabian and Ksionzky (1972). According to this work, conversation behaviors related to anxiety include forward lean, object manipulations, and decreased speaking time (in any limited amount of speaking time in which there are no long periods of silence, this translates into an increase in the number of speaking turns).…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Laboratory Videotaping Procedures on Selected Conversation Behaviors

Wiemann

1981

Human Comm Res

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The potential reactivity of videotaping procedures in the study of conversation behavior was assessed. Four videotaping procedures and eight time segments were cast into a mixed factorial design. No statistically significant differences in behavioral indices of relaxatiodanxiety or responsiveness due to obviousness of video recording procedures were found. Anxiety dropped significantly during the first minute and then stabilized. Although a statistically significant difference in responsiveness over time was obtained, there was no meaningful pattern to this difference. Results support the commonly held intuition that behaviors usually out of conscious awareness are not affected by observation procedures. The implication of these results is that participant deception concerning observation procedures is unnecessary when out-ofconsciousness behaviors are the subject of study.In the past decade, videotape technology has gone from a curiosity in the behavioral sciences to a staple research tool. Although the research contexts in which it is used and the problems upon which it is brought to bear have steadily increased, little attention has been directed to the potential reactivity of videotaping in the research situation-whether in the laboratory or the field.The potential reactivity of knowledge of being videotaped is particularly crucial in studies that deal with "everyday" social interaction, as exemplified in conversation analysis. Most researchers in this broad field seem to believe, along with Weick (1968), that observing and recording behaviors normally not under conscious control presents little danger of observer interference with the phenomena of interest. Behaviors usually considered out of consciousness include head nodding, gestures, foot movements, amount of otherdirected gaze, time talking, sound-silence patterns, John M. Wiernann (Ph.D., Purdue University, 1975) is assistant professor of communication studies in the and the like. If the observation technologyvideotaping, "live" observation, and so on-interferes with the stream of conversation, then the external validity (Campbell & Stanley, 1966) of these studies is called into question.The problem of reactivity of observation technology is compounded by federal government requirements (these being echoed and implemented by universities) that participants be fully informed of research procedures in which they are engaging. Deception of participants, including covert videotaping, is becoming increasingly unacceptable to those who are responsible for participants' welfare and who, not coincidentally, also control research money.An understanding of the observation technology/research participant behavior interaction should help both research-sponsoring agencies and investigators to better assess necessary risks to participants in studies in which observation is desired. The purpose of this research was to begin to address this problem by studying one technology-videotaping-in what is probably the most common research setting-the laboratory. Specifically,...

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Some Determiners of Social Interaction

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Conceptualization and Measurement of Interpersonal Communication Motives

Conceptualization and Measurement of Interpersonal Communication Motives

Explication and Test of a Model of Communicative Competence

Effects of Laboratory Videotaping Procedures on Selected Conversation Behaviors

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