Some Developments in Doctoral Work in Communication

Abstract

Living as we do in the midst of a "communication revolution", we are constantly reminded of the increases in the means of communication. Indeed, the outstanding characteristic of this revolution has been the multiplication and improvement of ways of delivering a message from one human to another. In the United States, for example, there have been manifest changes in the methods of communication in the postwar period. The ubiquitous use of television-if not its effect-is obvious. There have been other postwar changes, less noticeable but of great importance, in the expansion of the magazine medium and the development of the book as a mass medium.The communication revolution is not confined to the United States. It is going on around the world. Increasingly, it is becoming difficult to find a culture which is dependent solely upon oral, face-to-face communication. Primitive and underdeveloped states are moving toward what Daniel Lerner calls "media systems" of communication. As he notes, the movement is one-way. There are no cultures moving in the opposite direction.Changes are not restricted to the mass media field. One of the aspects of the revolution is the development of "communications" machines. The whole range of developments in the computer field has many links to the study of communications. For example, one is provided by the attempts to develop machine translation devices, which seem closer to realization every day. Another link is provided by the recent completion of a concordance of the works of St. Thomas Aquinas-by the use of IBM machines. Thus machine communication is helping the man "here" to talk to the man "there", despite differences in tongues. And it is helping the man "now" to communicate with the man "then"4espite differences in times.

Numerical modeling of evanescent-wave atom optics

“…This suggests that the physics of the diffraction that is seen in this experiment is not encompassed by the two-level model. This is perhaps not surprising since multiple levels enrich the physics and provide new diffraction channels [21].The different coupling strengths of the transitions to the light produce different light shifts and hence an increased range of kinetic energies that the atoms may gain from the Geld.…”

The Inaugural Deutschmann Essays: Successful Senior Scholars Share Ideas About Journalism and Media Research

“…He observed that PhD programs at Illinois, Iowa, Michigan State, Minnesota, Stanford, Syracuse, and Wisconsin were directly or indirectly related to schools or departments of journalism. PhD programs at Missouri and Northwestern, despite their “more professional, journalistic” approach, studied “all of the mass media as social institutions” (Deutschmann, 1958, p. 78).…”

“…In Deutschmann (1958) analyzed 10 PhD programs in "communication or mass communication" in 1958 to discover a "a commonality of parentage" (p. 78). He observed that PhD programs at Illinois, Iowa, Michigan State, Minnesota, Stanford, Syracuse, and Wisconsin were directly or indirectly related to schools or departments of journalism.…”

“…At the same time, study of communication seems especially important today. The communication revolution provides an exciting framework, but it is not a framework without problems.(Deutschmann, 1958, p. 83)…”

“…As the epigraph highlights, Paul J. Deutschmann prophesied in 1958 that the communication revolution, with its “manifest changes in the methods of communication in the postwar period” (p. 77), would entail a major motivation for the study of communication. Deutschmann posited that the “whole range of developments in the computer field has many links to the study of communications” (Deutschmann, 1958, p. 77).…”