Some device implications of voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy in Co/Gd2O3 thin films through REDOX chemistry

Ionic and redox control of magnetism can produce large changes to a variety of magnetic properties using a relatively small voltage. A model structure that continues to be of interest is Pt/Co/GdO xH y/Au, where the Co magnetic layer oxidation state and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be toggled using voltage control of proton transport through the GdO xH y electrolyte layer. The hydration of the oxide layer to form a hydroxide phase is the key to improve the speed of these magneto-ionic devices, but there is insufficient understanding of protonic defect incorporation and transport during hydration and electrical gating. In this work, we use polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) to observe the effects of hydration and electrical gating by scanning in an as-grown state, a hydrated state, and in operando during electrical gating. We directly measure the depth profile of hydrogen and confirm the transformation from oxide (Gd2O3) to hydroxide [Gd(OH)3]. We observe the accumulation of H in the Co magnetic layer and the effects of gating on the structure and hydrogen content of the other layers in the device stack. Using PNR and secondary ion mass spectrometry, we find evidence for much more complex chemistry at the Co/GdO xH y interface than was previously assumed, including evidence for persistent CoO phases and CoO xH y phases. We offer insight on using PNR to observe relatively fast proton dynamics in the system and fitting a rather complex set of parameters to achieve a physical result for the fit spectrum and scattering length density profiles.

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Insight on hydrogen injection and GdOx/Co interface chemistry from in operando neutron reflectometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Sheffels

Balakrishnan

Huang

et al. 2023

Applied Physics Letters

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Hydration of gadolinium oxide ( GdOx ) and its effect on voltage-induced Co oxidation in a Pt/Co/GdOx
Tan
¹
,
Huang
²
,
Sheffels
³

et al. 2019
Phys. Rev. Materials
27
4
24
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Some device implications of voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy in Co/Gd2O3 thin films through REDOX chemistry

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Insight on hydrogen injection and GdOx/Co interface chemistry from in operando neutron reflectometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Insight on hydrogen injection and GdOx/Co interface chemistry from in operando neutron reflectometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Hydration of gadolinium oxide ( GdOx ) and its effect on voltage-induced Co oxidation in a Pt/Co/GdOx
Tan
¹
,
Huang
²
,
Sheffels
³

et al. 2019
Phys. Rev. Materials
27
4
24
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Some device implications of voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy in Co/Gd2O3 thin films through REDOX chemistry

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Insight on hydrogen injection and GdOx/Co interface chemistry from in operando neutron reflectometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Insight on hydrogen injection and GdOx/Co interface chemistry from in operando neutron reflectometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Hydration of gadolinium oxide ( GdOx ) and its effect on voltage-induced Co oxidation in a Pt/Co/GdOxTan1, Huang2, Sheffels3 et al. 2019Phys. Rev. Materials274241View full textAdd to dashboardCite

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Hydration of gadolinium oxide ( GdOx ) and its effect on voltage-induced Co oxidation in a Pt/Co/GdOx
Tan
¹
,
Huang
²
,
Sheffels
³

et al. 2019
Phys. Rev. Materials
27
4
24
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite