Some Differences in Infant Feeding and Elimination Training in Five European Longitudinal Samples

Hindley, G.B.; Filliozat, A.M.; Klackenberg, Gunnar; Nicolet‐Meister, D.; Sand, E. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1965.tb02158.x

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…From the U.S.A. a shift is reported [3] from earlier longer breast-feeding periods in low socioeconomic groups to longer period for middle class. Contradictory results have been obtained in England [9]. The results reported from Belgium I201 and Sweden [17] agree with ours, namely a long duration of breastfeeding in the highest social class.…”

Section: Commentssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Hytten & Thomson [lo] stress the difficulties in making comparisons, as in many of these studies incomplete data are given on, for instance, social class, the mother's age, civil status and gainful employment, and the child's successional number in the family. I n a recent investigation Hindley et al [9] compared infant-feeding in samples from Brussels, London, Paris, Zurich and ours from Stockholm, studied by similar longitudinal methods. These studies are coordinated by the International Children's Centre in Paris.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of Children in a Swedish Urban Community. A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Klackenberg¹,

Klackenberg‐Larsson²

1968

Acta Paediatrica

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SummaryData on breast‐feeding, weaning, and the practice of giving night‐meals, collected in the prospective longitudinal growth‐study presented earlier, have been analysed for their association with various social and family factors and personality variables in the mothers. The following statistically significant relationships were found: 1. Boys are breast‐fed longer than girls. 2. Mothers in the higher age‐group (26 and over) continue breast‐feeding longer than do younger mothers (under 26). 3. Mothers of the highest social class (Graffar I+ 11) continue breast‐feeding longer than do mothers in the intermediate (Graffar III) and the lowest (Graffar IV+ V) social classes. 4. Mothers with higher education continue breast‐feeding longer than do mothers with only elementary school education. 5. In the lowest social class, mothers who live in old‐fashioned houses stop breast‐feeding earlier than do mothers living in modern houses. 6. Some personality traits of the mother are more often than others associated with long‐continued breastfeeding.No statistical relationships were demonstrated between the duration of breast feeding and overcrowding or the child's successional number in the family.The reasons for weaning were analysed. “No or insufficient milk” was the most common reason given by mothers who weaned their babies before 6 months. Gainful employment was of very little importance as a reason for weaning.The mothers' attitudes towards breastfeeding in the child's first and third months of life were generally positive. The duration of breast‐feeding cannot be predicted from the attitude declared by the mothers.The frequency of night‐feeding on the return home from the maternity hospital was 85% and at 3 months 25%. The boys received night‐meals for a significantly longer period than did the girls. The mother's age, the child's successional number in the family, social class, the duration of breast‐feeding and the mother's attitude to breast‐feeding showed no association with the continuation of night‐feeding.

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Section: Commentssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Children in a Swedish Urban Community. A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Klackenberg¹,

Klackenberg‐Larsson²

1968

Acta Paediatrica

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“…Nevertheless, why anorexia nervosa ensued, as opposed to some other psychiatric condition, was not clear. Most of these patients had been breast fed for longer periods than is usual when compared with a London Group (Hindley et al, 1965), but only 15 per cent had previously shown earlier feeding difficulties, in contrast to the experience of some authors. Their personalities were closely akin, however, to those found in the previous studies of Kay (1953) and Crisp (1965), but no prognostic significance could be read into them as Lesser et al (1960) tried to do.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…In comparison with his control group, there was a bias towards no breast feeding or to prolonged breast feeding. Such comparisons could not be made for the present series, although they could be compared with the findings of Hindley et al, (1965) The present series showed that 85 per cent were still breast feeding at 1 month, 70 per cent at 3 months, 60 per cent at 5 months, 40 per cent at 6 months, 30 per cent at 7 months, 25 per cent at 8 months, and 5 per cent at 9 months, i.e. one girl who was not weaned until 18 months old.…”

Section: Early Developmentmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Study of Anorexia Nervosa in Young Girls

Warren

1968

Child Psychology Psychiatry

104

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“…This may be due to the pediatric origin of this project which pointed to very striking cross-national differences even in the age of walking (Hindley, 1966). Unfortunately, the project turned over increasingly into a loose combination of research efforts carried out most effectively by the London team (Moore, 1967(Moore, , 1968.…”

Section: The Concept Of Culture-specific Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%