Some effects of basal ganglia lesions in subhuman primates and man

Teuber, Hans‐Lukas; Proctor, Florry

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(64)90014-4

Cited by 68 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Abnormalities in metabolic activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, or both, have been found in major depression (Drevets et al, 1992), depression associated with Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases (Mayberg et al, 1900(Mayberg et al, , 1992, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; Baxter et al, 1988Baxter et al, , 1992Swedo et al, 1989Swedo et al, , 1992Benkelfat et al, 1990;Sawle et al, 1991;Rubin et al, 1992), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (Baxter et al, 1990), and schizophrenia (Andreason et al, 1992) Imaging studies of the basal ganglia have raised the possibility that in such neuropsychiatric illnesses, and also in the course of normal behavior, the prefrontal cortex operates in conjunction with the caudate nucleus (Baxter et al, 1988(Baxter et al, , 1992Swedo et al, 1989;Drevets et al, 1992;Cummings, 1993;Rauch et al, 1994). This new evidence supports the concept developed from earlier anatomical and lesion studies that different areas of the prefrontal cortex interact with different parts of the caudate nucleus to form high-level functional subsystems within the forebrain (Teuber and Proctor, 1964;Iversen and Mishkin, 1970;Divac, 1972;Rosvold 1972;Iversen, 1979).…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Highly restricted origin of prefrontal cortical inputs to striosomes in the macaque monkey

1995

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The prefrontal cortex is made up of neocortical areas thought to mediate aspects of the temporal and spatial organization of behavior. One of the prime output targets of the prefrontal cortex is the striatum, which is thought to operate in series with the prefrontal cortex in some neural computations. We have analyzed this prefronto- striatal projection in cynomolgus monkeys by combining anterograde neuronal tract tracing methods with neurochemical markers for the striosome and matrix compartments of the striatum. Our results single out two parts of the frontal cortex as projecting densely to the striosome compartment of the striatum: the posterior orbitofrontal/anterior insular cortex and the mediofrontal prelimbic/anterior cingulate cortex. These areas jointly innervated striosomes in the anterior and ventromedial striatum, mainly in the caudate nucleus. Striosomes in the dorsolateral striatum were never labeled. Thus, the anatomical subsystem defined by striosome affiliation includes three cortical and striatal regions that, in humans, have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nearly all of the remaining parts of the prefrontal cortex studied projected preferentially to the matrix compartment. Most of these prefrontal inputs were also patchy, and many of the patches (matrisomes) were selectively paired with nearby striosomes. The highly fractionated organization of prefrontal inputs to striosomes and matrisomes could form a template for computational networks in the striatum that redistribute prefrontal corticostriatal inputs to serve in context- dependent behavioral planning.

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confidence: 86%

Highly restricted origin of prefrontal cortical inputs to striosomes in the macaque monkey

1995

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“…A number of neuropsychological studies have reported that PD patients are impaired on visuospatial tasks, most commonly tasks of spatial orientation Hovestadt et al, 1987;Mortimer et al, 1982;Pirozzolo et al, 1982;Teuber and Proctor, 1964). On the other hand, there was a decisive lack of correlation between visual form discrimination and visual ERPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modality dependent changes in event-related potentials correlate with specific cognitive functions in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease

Bódis-Wollner

Borod

Cicero

et al. 1995

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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The relationship between event-related potentials (ERPs) and cognitive functioning was studied in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) but without dementia. Auditory and visual stimuli were used; 30 subjects participated in the auditory study and 20 in the visual study. Patient groups did not differ with respect to gender, age, education, illness duration, and level of cognitive functioning. Visual stimuli were 2.3 cpd sinusoidal grating patterns randomly presented in an oddball paradigm (oblique vs. vertical spatial orientation). Auditory stimuli were tones presented at 70 dB SPL at a rate of 1.1/second, also using the oddball paradigm (1.5K vs. 1K tones). All patients were given neuropsychological tests to measure verbal fluency, memory, visual spatial perception, and abstract reasoning. P300 and N200 abnormalities correlated with a number of these measures, such that longer ERP latencies were related to lower scores on tests of cognitive functioning. Patterns of results suggest that auditory and visual ERPs correlate with different subsets of neuropsychological functions in nondemented PD patients and that N200 may provide a new metric for clinical use.

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“…Sensorimotor interaction factors have also been found important in eliciting a basal ganglia cognitive deficit by Proctor (Proctor and Cooper, 1964;Teuber and Proctor, 1964), using body-tilt and luminous line adjustments in the absence of any visual field, and by Talland and Schwab (1964) using some bead manipulation and letter cancellation tasks. Thus, there do appear to be strong grounds for believing that basal ganglia damage may produce cognitive changes over and above the motor changes that are well known to occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major limitation of this type of study is that the standardized tests may miss detecting a true psychological deficit due to inappropriate sensitivity. Teuber and Proctor (1964) were aware of this limitation, and from the results of some animal and human experiments to investigate the effects of basal ganglia damage on perception, they hypothesized that sensorimotor interaction and delayed response were two important components for demonstrating a deficit in this area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on delayed response tasks by patients with Parkinsonism

Horne

1971

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SUMMARY Eleven post-thalamotomy Parkinson's disease patients, and 11 post-operative, age matched, spinal control subjects, were tested on three visual discrimination matching tasks, two of which involved a delay in response. Error and reaction time scores were recorded. The former produced no differentiation but reaction time scores were significantly faster for the control group on the two tasks involving delay in response but not for the 'no-delay' task. Since the motor components of all three tasks were the same, this significant difference in reaction time scores was attributed to the factor of delay in response, and treated as evidence that basal ganglia damage in humans can produce a purely cognitive impairment. The role of sensorimotor interactions, as another factor in this deficit, was also discussed.Concern about the possible roles of subcortical brain centres in mediating higher mental processes has recently become evident in the neuropsychological literature. Much of this work is reported in Riklan and Levita's recent volume (1969) entitled Subcortical Correlates of Human Behaviour.In many studies, the vast majority of which have been concerned with cases of Parkinson's disease, the patients have been tested pre-and postoperatively using conventional standardized psychological tests. A major limitation of this type of study is that the standardized tests may miss detecting a true psychological deficit due to inappropriate sensitivity. Teuber and Proctor (1964)

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Some effects of basal ganglia lesions in subhuman primates and man

Cited by 68 publications

References 17 publications

Highly restricted origin of prefrontal cortical inputs to striosomes in the macaque monkey

Highly restricted origin of prefrontal cortical inputs to striosomes in the macaque monkey

Modality dependent changes in event-related potentials correlate with specific cognitive functions in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease

Performance on delayed response tasks by patients with Parkinsonism

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