Some Effects of Diet on the Mitotic Index and the Cell Cycle of the Ruminal Epithelium of Sheep

Goodlad, R A

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1981.sp002590

Cited by 81 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The observed changes were most prominent in the AR and RV resulting in a marked 41% and 62% increase, respectively, in papillae surface in these rumen regions of h/c-fed sheep. A 57% to 95% elevation in rumen papillae size was also found in concentrate-fed sheep (Goodlad, 1981), goats (Shen et al, 2004) and bulls (Shen et al, 2005). Together with other factors, such as lower intraruminal pH values (Gaebel et al, 1987;Brossard et al, 2004) and increased blood flow (Dobson, 1984;Thorlacius, 1972), this strongly supported the passive absorption of non-dissociated SCFA by passive diffusion (Bugaut, 1987;Gaebel et al, 1987;Sehested et al, 2000).…”

Section: Morphology Of Ruminal Mucosamentioning

confidence: 49%

Altered Na+/K+-ATPase expression plays a role in rumen epithelium adaptation in sheep fed hay ad libitum or a mixed hay/concentrate diet

Kuzinski¹,

Žitňan²,

Viergutz³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In this study we investigated rumen papillae morphology and the localization and expression of the Na + /K + -ATPase in eight sheep fed hay ad libitum (h) or hay ad libitum plus additional concentrate (h/c). Four sheep were provided with the ad libitum h-diet for the complete three-week experimental period. The second group of four sheep received the h-diet for only one week and was fed the mixed hay/concentrate (h/c) diet for another two weeks. The amount of concentrate supplement was stepwise increased from 150 to 1000 g/day and given in two meals. Following slaughter rumen papillae from the atrium ruminis (AR), the rumen ventralis (RV) and the ventral blind sac (BSV) were fixed and examined for morphological changes and Na + /K + -ATPase localization by morphometric methods and immunohistochemistry. Ruminal epithelial cells (REC) originating from the strata basale to granulosum were also isolated. Cellular Na + /K + -ATPase expression (mRNA and protein) and differentiation state were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Compared with data from h-fed sheep, morphometric analysis revealed an increased length and width of rumen papillae in h/c-fed sheep, resulting in a marked 41% and 62% increase in rumen papillae surface in AR and RV, respectively. The rumen mucosa of h/c-fed sheep was characterized by a predominant stratum corneum (42 ± 0.7 µm vs. 28 ± 0.5 µm), but the thickness of the metabolically active cell layers remained unchanged. REC suspensions from sheep fed the h/c diet generally contained more cells (7.30 ± 0.83 vs. 3.49 ± 0.52 × 10 7 /ml; P < 0.001) and an increased proportion of REC positive for basal cytokeratin and for the differentiation marker cytokeratin 10 (P < 0.05). Cellular (cell membrane) and epithelial (stratum basale to stratum granulosum) Na + /K + -ATPase localization was similar between rumen regions and was not changed by concentrate feeding. After two weeks on the h/c-diet, a 96% increase in the absolute number of Na + /K + -ATPasepositive REC (6.56 ± 0.84 vs. 3.35 ± 0.51 × 10 7 /ml; P = 0.003) and a 61% elevation (P = 0.043) in Na + /K + -ATPase protein expression in REC from the upper third of the suprabasal cell layers were found. Moreover, a two-fold (P = 0.001) elevation in cell membrane surface area accompanied by a reduction (1.19 × 10

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Section: Morphology Of Ruminal Mucosamentioning

confidence: 49%

Altered Na+/K+-ATPase expression plays a role in rumen epithelium adaptation in sheep fed hay ad libitum or a mixed hay/concentrate diet

Kuzinski¹,

Žitňan²,

Viergutz³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Exclusively, after 6 wk of concentrate diet, ARP3 has been found to be upregulated at translational level, as validated by Western blot. One can speculate that ARP3 is involved in the well-known studied diet-dependent morphological alterations of the ruminal epithelium (18,26,54,55). Supporting this hypothesis, recently, gene ontology analysis after comparison of gene expression profiles in ruminal tissue from cows fed with low-or high-concentrate diets revealed that the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is one of the most effected pathways (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The phenotypic effects of diets, particularly of concentrate supplementation on rumen morphology and physiology, have been well investigated (38, 55) and reviewed (7). In particular, feeding a diet containing highconcentrate rations increases the number and/or size of papillae in the rumen and influences the transport properties of the ruminal epithelium (19,26). Furthermore, a diet rich in concentrate increases short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration and leads to a decrease of pH (47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in ruminal epithelium in response to a concentrate-supplemented diet

Bondzio¹,

Gabler²,

Badewien-Rentzsch³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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minal epithelium adapts to dietary change with well-coordinated alterations in metabolism, proliferation, and permeability. To further understand the molecular events controlling diet effects, the aim of this study was to evaluate protein expression patterns of ruminal epithelium in response to various feeding regimes. Sheep were fed with a concentrate-supplemented diet for up to 6 wk. The control group received hay only. Proteome analysis with differential in gel electrophoresis technology revealed that, after 2 days, 60 proteins were significantly modulated in ruminal epithelium in a comparison between hay-fed and concentrate-fed sheep (P Ͻ 0.05). Forty proteins were upregulated and 20 proteins were downregulated in response to concentrate diet. After 6 wk of this diet, only 14 proteins were differentially expressed. Among these, 11 proteins were upregulated and 3 downregulated. To identify proteins that were modulated by dietary change, two-dimensional electrophoresis was coupled with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The differential expression of selected proteins, such as esterase D, annexin 5, peroxiredoxin 6, carbonic anhydrase I, and actin-related protein 3, was verified by immunoblotting and/or mRNA analysis. The identified proteins were mainly associated with functions related to cellular stress, metabolism, and differentiation. These results suggest new candidate proteins that may contribute to a better understanding of the signaling pathways and mechanisms that mediate rumen epithelial adaptation to high-concentrate diet.proteomics; mRNA expression; protein markers; sheep RUMINANTS ARE OF MAJOR WORLDWIDE interest and economic importance because of increasing meat and milk production. A substantial improvement in the productivity and performance of ruminants can only be achieved with adequate dietary supplementation. When high-yielding cattle, milk sheep, or goats merely consume forage, the intake of energy and protein is too low for the desired rates of animal performance. Hence, supplementation of forage-fed ruminants with sufficient amounts of energy and protein is necessary and significantly improves milk production or daily weight gain (41), but, particularly, a surplus of easily fermented carbohydrates or low-fiber intake will place the animals at risk. Such a change in the diet is a challenge for rumen microbes (31) and especially for the ruminal epithelium with respect to adaptation to the new fermentation pattern (47,55). Insufficient adaptation to diet may result in disintegration of the epithelium (22), translocation of lipopolysaccharides (30), and disturbed transport mechanisms (22) and can further cause subacute ruminal acidosis (14, 49). This disease not only can lead to depressed feed intake and milk production, but can also be associated with laminitis, inflammation, and liver abscesses (14,42,49).Hence, one objective of attaining an adequate diet composition for ruminants is to maintain the physiological functions of the forestomach, such as optimal fe...

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“…Delving deeper into the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon, we can see that papillae proliferation remains the same, but cellular turnover increases (Goodlad, 1981). This results in an overall increase in cell number and thus papillae hyperplasia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Adaptation to High Grain Diets Proceeds Through Minimal Immune System Stimulation and Differences in Extracellular Matrix Protein Expression in A Model of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Non-lactating Dairy Cows

Idawaty¹

2012

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Problem statement: Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disorder affecting approximately 20% of all dairy cattle in North America. Although the presence of SARA has been described for some time, the etiology of the disorder remains uncertain. For example, many animals diagnosed with SARA seem to remodel and adapt their epithelium to accommodate the stresses imposed by SARA, but not before exacting a significant health and economic toll. Specifically, a search is on in which a desire to identify the system and associated pathways that are causative agents in the progression and development of SARA is evident. We hypothesize that adaptation to SARA is facilitated by the immune system. Approach: In order to answer of this question, 4 mature, nonlactating dairy cattle were transitioned from a High Fiber (HF; 0% grain) diet to High Grain (HG; 65% grain) diet. Having fed the HG diet for three weeks, the cattle were then transitioned back to the HF diet for an additional three weeks to facilitate adaptation. SARA was diagnosed by pH data only during the first week and not during the remaining weeks, indicating that adaptation to the HG diet took place within one week. Results: In this study, significant (p<0.05) extracellular matrix protein changes (COL4A1, LAMB1) were seen during this study indicating a change in matrix architecture to facilitate adaptation. In addition, similar significant (p<0.05) patterns of expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators of the LPS-mediated toll-like receptor pathway were seen. Conclusion: These results indicate that the immune system is involved in the adaptation of the rumen epithelium to a HG diet, but to a lesser extent than was previously thought. This is the first time an attempt has been made to link the immune system and wound healing in the adaptation of the bovine rumen to a HG diet.

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Some Effects of Diet on the Mitotic Index and the Cell Cycle of the Ruminal Epithelium of Sheep

Cited by 81 publications

References 13 publications

Altered Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase expression plays a role in rumen epithelium adaptation in sheep fed hay ad libitum or a mixed hay/concentrate diet

Altered Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase expression plays a role in rumen epithelium adaptation in sheep fed hay ad libitum or a mixed hay/concentrate diet

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in ruminal epithelium in response to a concentrate-supplemented diet

Adaptation to High Grain Diets Proceeds Through Minimal Immune System Stimulation and Differences in Extracellular Matrix Protein Expression in A Model of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Non-lactating Dairy Cows

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