Some Effects of Escherichia Coli Endotoxin on the Graft-Versus-Host Reaction in Mice

Skopińska, E

doi:10.1097/00007890-197210000-00004

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In germfree animals, in general, the immune system is less stimulated, in terms of undeveloped lymphoid systems (26) and lower levels of immunoglobulins (10), than those of conventional animals. It has been demonstrated that the microflora may play a role in modulating the cellular and humoral immune systems of the host (35,41,42) or in the time of onset and the severity of wasting disease and autoimmune disease in mouse strains (39) and also that gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall fraction may play a role in the development of the graft-versus-host reaction (37,38). It is thus considered that the immune system will be continuously stimulated or activated by the microbial flora under their conventional conditions, possibly by their lipopolysaccharides (13,27) and peptidoglycans (4), both of which can modulate the immune system by stimulation of T cells, B cells, and macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Effect of Gram‐Positive Bacteria vs. Gram‐Negative Bacteria on Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis in Germfree Rats

Kohashi

Takahashi

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Germfree (GF) F344 rats developed severe adjuvant-induced arthritis with a 100% incidence after a single intradermal injection of heat-killed Mycobacter i u m bovis (BCG). Specific pathogene-free (SPF) rats developed less severe arthritis with a lower incidence. The rats colonized with Escherichia coli or Bacteroides developed mild disease comparable to that in SPF rats. The rats colonized with Bifidobacteri u m, Propionibacterium acnes, Lactobacillus casei, L. fermentum, L. murini, and L. acidophil u s developed more severe disease than that in GF rats. Furthermore, the rats colonized with a mixture of E. coli and the above lactobacilli developed very mild disease similar to that in SPF rats. These results suggest that (1) gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Bacteroides, may suppress the disease, possibly through their lipopolysaccharides, and may be responsible for the lower susceptibility of SPF rats ; (2) gram-positive bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, P. acnes, and lactobacilli, may enhance the disease, possibly through their peptidoglycans; and (3) E. coli may play a dominant role in modulating the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Effect of Gram‐Positive Bacteria vs. Gram‐Negative Bacteria on Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis in Germfree Rats

Kohashi

Takahashi

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is mounting evidence of the involvement of endotoxin (especially intestinal endotoxin) in triggering or exacerbating GVHD in experimental mouse models of BMT (Keast, 1973;Van Bekkum & Knaan, 1977;Skopinska, 1972) and in man (Vossen et al 1981). Our results are relevant to experimental mouse models of GVHD, since raised FE levels, through antibiotic-mediated release or secondary transient re-colonization with coliforms following cessation of S.D., may be important during critical periods of engraftment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, there has accumulated a body of evidence which suggests that IE may be involved in triggering or exacerbating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in murine models (Keast, 1973;Van Bekkum & Knaan, 1977;Skopinska, 1972) and in man (Vossen et al 1981). Central to this hypothesis is the observation that total (Heit et al 1979) or selective antibiotic decontamination (Van Bekkum et al 1974) will prevent GVHD following BMT in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between faecal endotoxin and faecal microflora of the C57BL mouse

Rogers

Moore

Cohen

1985

J. Hyg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYWe studied the effect of oral selective antibiotic decontamination (SD) on the faecal endotoxin content and microflora in individual C57BL mice. Suppression of the coliform count was associated with an initial rise in faecal endotoxin concentration from 0-1 to 3 1 mg/g wet faeces during the first week of SD, which fell to 0 04 mg/g during the second week of treatment. Cessation of SD resulted in an immediate sharp increase in coliform count followed by its decline and gradual recovery to pre-treatment counts. Faecal endotoxin levels followed a parallel course. SD did not effect significantly the counts of lactobacilli, bacteroides and enterococci.It appears that the coliform population is responsible for the overall level of faecal endotoxin, and that during the initial period of SD endotoxin levels are elevated, an effect which may be mediated by antibiotic-enhanced release of endotoxin.

show abstract

“…It is likely that much of the adjuvant effect that occurs following the injection of the bacterial cell wall components LPS and muramyl, dipeptide are mediated by an IL-1 response, since both LPS and muramyl dipeptide stimulate the release of IL-1 from macrophages [6,7]. These increase T cell dependent antibody responses following antigen administration [8,9]. On the basis of these observations, IL-1 became a likely candidate as a vaccine adjuvant.…”

Section: Interleukin-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines as potential vaccine adjuvants

Nohria

Rubin

1994

Biotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a compelling clinical need for adjuvants suitable for human use to enhance the efficacy of vaccines in the prevention of life-threatening infection. Candidate populations for such vaccine-adjuvant strategies include normal individuals at the two extremes of life, as well as the ever increasing population of immunocompromised individuals. In addition, adjuvants that would increase the efficiency of vaccination with such vaccines as those directed against hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae would have an even greater general use. Cytokines, as natural peptides intimately involved in the normal immune response, have great appeal as potential adjuvants. An increasing body of work utilizing recombinant versions of interleukin-1, -2, -3, -6, -12, gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor has shown that cytokines do have vaccine adjuvant activity. However, in order to optimize adjuvant effect and minimize systemic toxicity, strategies in which the cytokine is fused to the antigen, or the cytokine is presented within liposomes or microspheres appear to be necessary to make this a practical approach suitable for human use. There is much promise in this approach, but there is much work to be accomplished in order to optimize the pharmacokinetics of cytokine administration as well as its side effect profile.

show abstract

Some Effects of Escherichia Coli Endotoxin on the Graft-Versus-Host Reaction in Mice

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Reverse Effect of Gram‐Positive Bacteria vs. Gram‐Negative Bacteria on Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis in Germfree Rats

Reverse Effect of Gram‐Positive Bacteria vs. Gram‐Negative Bacteria on Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis in Germfree Rats

The relationship between faecal endotoxin and faecal microflora of the C57BL mouse

Cytokines as potential vaccine adjuvants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About