Some effects of impurities on grain growth in zone-refined lead

Bolling, G. F.; Winegard, W. C.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(58)90149-4

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However before considering the possible reasons for this discrepancy, some other observations on the effects of Sn on grain boundary migration in zone-refined lead needs to be brought to the attention. Some interesting results on grain growth due to Bolling and Winegard [39][40] are shown in Fig. 12.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Solute Atoms on Grain Boundary Migration: A Solute Pinning Approach

Hersent

Marthinsen

Nes

2013

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of solute atoms on grain boundary migration has been modelled on the basis of the idea that solute atoms will locally perturb the collective re-arrangements of solvent atoms associated with boundary migration. The consequence of such perturbations is cusping of the boundary and corresponding stress concentrations on the solute atoms which will promote thermal activation of these atoms out of the boundary. This thermal activation is considered to be the rate-controlling mechanism in boundary migration. It is demonstrated that the present statistical approach is capable of explaining, in phenomenological terms, the known effects of solute atoms on boundary migration. The experimental results on the effect of copper on boundary migration in aluminium, due to Gordon and Vandermeer, have been well accounted for. INTRODUCTIONIt has been known for a long time that impurity solid solution atoms have a tendency of segregation to grain boundaries, an effect which may strongly retard the grain boundary mobility and thus the kinetics of recrystallization and grain growth in pure metals, even when present in the ppm range. (commonly referred as the dissipation approach). Typical application examples for the force and dissipation approach are respectively [4][5] and [6]. In the force approach the solute drag is estimated by summing the forces that the solute atoms exert on the boundary and in the dissipation approach by evaluating the amount of free energy dissipated due to diffusion when the boundary goes through a volume containing one mole of material. Over the last decades, a lot of efforts have been made to generalize these approaches to a migrating phase boundary into a multi-component system [3,[7][8][9].Indeed in the initial treatment of the solute drag effect by Cahn and by Lücke and Stüwe [10] the equation used for evaluating the solute drag does not apply to phase transformations. It only applies to the migration of grain boundaries, i.e. to one phase materials.The force approach and the dissipation approach have both a sound physical basis and should therefore be equivalent. However the formula for calculating the solute drag for a migrating phase boundary into a multi-component system in steady-state conditions has been a subject of debates over the years and it was only recently that a valid expression has been found with a remarkable amount of empirical insight [11]. The general expression has also been derived in a deductive and completely independent way by applying the principle of maximum dissipation in [12].Even if in the recent years more complex situations than the one treated in the initial works of Cahn [2] and BACKGROUND THEORIESThe where m is the intrinsic boundary mobility (i.e. that corresponding to c = 0). The treatments by Cahn[2] and Lücke and Stüwe [10,23] are derived on the basis of the assumption that the effects on boundary mobility due to the cusp-formation resulting from the solute-boundary interaction can be neglected, the validity of this assumption is discussed belo...

show abstract

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Solute Atoms on Grain Boundary Migration: A Solute Pinning Approach

Hersent

Marthinsen

Nes

2013

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These simulations underline the tremendous effect that minute quantities of solute can have on grain growth, and by consequence, the difficulty to carry out grain growth experiments in a controlled manner and the difficulty to interpret them. [33]). The simulated curves are obtained by assuming a solute content of 0.14 ppm; the other parameters needed for the simulations are reported in Table II under Case F.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed surveys of grain growth in zone-refined lead have been conducted by Bolling and Winegard [32,33] and by Drolet and Galibois. [34,35] The material used presents a very high purity; it was estimated as being at least 99.9999 pct pure.…”

Section: B Grain Growth In Zone-refined Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Effect of Atoms in Solid Solution on Grain Growth Kinetics

Hersent

Marthinsen

Nes

2014

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discrepancy between the classical grain growth law in high purity metals (grain size D / t 1=2 ) and experimental measurements has long been a subject of debate. It is generally believed that a time growth exponent less than 1/2 is due to small amounts of impurity atoms in solid solution even in high purity metals. The present authors have recently developed a new approach to solute drag based on solute pinning of grain boundaries, which turns out to be mathematically simpler than the classic theory for solute drag. This new approach has been combined with a simple parametric law for the growth of the mean grain size to simulate the growth kinetics in dilute solid solution metals. Experimental grain growth curves in the cases of aluminum, iron, and lead containing small amounts of impurities have been well accounted for.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Investigations on grain growth in polycrystalline zone-refined lead and tin as well as the effect of some solute elements on grain growth, in these metals, have been reported by BOLLING and WINEGARD (1958), WINEGARD (1959,1960). BOLLING and WINEGARD (1958) in their studies found that the grain growth was retarded to an increasing extent from tin to silver to gold when added to lead. HOLMES and WINEGARD (1959and WINEGARD ( , 1960 calculated the activation energy of grain growth in polycrystalline zone-refined lead which were found to be -6.7 kcal per g atom, and this value was increased by adding solute atoms of either silver or gold as reported by BOLLING and WINEGARD (1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Temperature dependence of grain growth in zone‐refined tin containing large additions of zinc in solid solution

Fawzy

Youssef

Beshai

et al. 1994

Cryst. Res. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Grain growth in zone-refined tin containing high concentrations >0.05 < 0.40 wt% Zn in solid solution have been investigated in the temperature range 70-160 "C. It has been found that increasing the zinc content by a factor of 8 decreased the rate of grain growth by -30% at all annealing temperatures, and this was attributed to small variations of grain boundary mobility. In addition, the increase of annealing temperature from 70 to 160 "C resulted in the increase of grain growth by a factor of -50 at any given concentration, which shows that the rate of grain growth is not strongly influenced by increasing the zinc concentration. The energy activating the growth process was calculated for all concentrations investigated and had a nearly constant value of -1 eV. An empirical formula was proposed relating the rate of grain growth and the solute concentration.

show abstract

Some effects of impurities on grain growth in zone-refined lead

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

The Effect of Solute Atoms on Grain Boundary Migration: A Solute Pinning Approach

The Effect of Solute Atoms on Grain Boundary Migration: A Solute Pinning Approach

On the Effect of Atoms in Solid Solution on Grain Growth Kinetics

Temperature dependence of grain growth in zone‐refined tin containing large additions of zinc in solid solution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About