Some effects of molecular structure of single hydrocarbons on sooting tendency

Ladommatos, Nicos; Rubenstein, Paul; Bennett, Paul

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(94)00251-7

Cited by 100 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…81 In order to isolate the direct effects of fuel molecular structure from those of the combustion phasing, many experimental studies on particulate formation have been conducted under carefully controlled conditions such as laboratory flames, [82][83][84][85][86] shock tubes [87][88][89][90] and flow reactors. [91][92][93] Smoke point tests have been widely used as a metric to determine the sooting tendencies of fuels and involve the measurement of the height at which soot is visibly seen to emerge from the tip of a wick-fed diffusion-type flame; a lower smoke point indicates a higher tendency to form soot.…”

Section: Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines

Hellier

Talibi

Eveleigh

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Future fuels for compression ignition engines will be required both to reduce the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from fossil sources and to contribute to the reductions in the exhaust levels of pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Via various processes of biological, chemical and physical conversion, feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass and photosynthetic micro-organisms will yield a wide variety of potential fuel molecules. Furthermore, modification of the production processes may allow the targeted manufacture of fuels of specific molecular structure. This paper therefore presents an overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines, highlighting in particular the submolecular features common to a variety of potential fuels. An increase in the straight-chain length of the alkyl moiety reduces the duration of ignition delay, and the introduction of double bonds or branching to an alkyl moiety both increase ignition delay. The movement of a double bond towards the centre of an alkyl chain, or the addition of oxygen to a molecule, can both increase and decrease the duration of ignition delay dependent on the overall fuel structure. Nitrogen oxide emissions are primarily influenced by the duration of fuel ignition delay, but in the case of hydrogen and methane pilot-ignited premixed combustion arise only at flame temperatures sufficiently high for thermal production. An increase in aromatic ring number and physical properties such as the fuel boiling point increase particulate matter emissions at constant combustion phasing.

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Section: Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines

Hellier

Talibi

Eveleigh

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…As a re-generable fuel, RME is more CO 2 friendly than conventional diesel fuel [7]. In addition, RME contains no aromatics, which are contributors to engine particulate emission [8,9]. Because of its approximately 10% [10,11] oxygen content, low sulfur content, zero aromatics content, and higher cetane number, RME has been found to be able to lower PM (Particulate Matter) emission, although with possible penalty of higher NO x emission [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oxygen Content of Fuels on Combustion and Emissions of Diesel Engines

et al. 2016

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Effects of oxygen content of fuels on combustion characteristics and emissions were investigated on both an optical single cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine and a multi-cylinder engine. Three fuels were derived from conventional diesel fuel (Finnish City diesel summer grade) by blending Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) or Diglyme and Butyl-Diglyme of different quantities to make their oxygen content 3%, 3% and 9%, respectively. The experimental results with three tested fuels show that the fuel spray development was not affected apparently by the oxygenating. Compared with the base fuel, the ignition delay to pilot injection was shortened by 0%, 11% and 19% for three oxygenated fuels, respectively. The ignition delay to main injection was shortened by 10%, 19% and 38%, respectively. With regard to emissions, the smoke level was reduced by 24% to 90%, depending on fuel properties and engine running conditions. The penalties of increased NO x emissions and fuel consumption were up to 19% and 24%, respectively.

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“…The reduction of soot emissions from a diesel engine using oxygenated fuel additives has been confirmed in both 30 experimental (Cheung et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2009) and numerical (Westbrook et al, 2006) studies. However, it is known that, among other factors, the sooting tendency depends strongly on the structure of the oxygenated compound (Barrientos et al, 2013;Esarte et al, 2010;Ladommatos et al, 1996;McEnally and Pfefferle, 2011). For example, the sooting tendency of aliphatic and aromatic compounds is different, mainly because of 35 the different routes involved in the formation of soot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Temperature and 2,5-Dimethylfuran Concentration on Its Sooting Tendency

Alexandrino

Salvo

Bilbao

et al. 2016

Combustion Science and Technology

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The sooting tendency of 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF), as a proposed fuel or fuel additive, has been studied in a flow reactor at different reaction temperatures (975, 1075, 1175, 1275, 1375, and 1475 K) and 10 inlet 2,5-DMF concentrations (5000, 7500, and 15,000 ppm) under pyrolytic conditions. The quantification of soot and light gases has been done. Additionally, the experimental results of the light gases have been simulated with a detailed gas-phase chemical kinetic model. The experimental results indicate that the temperature has a 15 great influence on both the soot and gas yields, as well as on the concentration of the light gases of pyrolysis. The inlet 2,5-DMF concentration influences the soot yield, whereas no significant effect is observed on the gas yield.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Some effects of molecular structure of single hydrocarbons on sooting tendency

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

An overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines

An overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines

Effects of Oxygen Content of Fuels on Combustion and Emissions of Diesel Engines

Influence of the Temperature and 2,5-Dimethylfuran Concentration on Its Sooting Tendency

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