Some Effects of Orchard Soil Management on the Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees

Atkinson, David; Gc, White

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-10662-7.50038-7

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Leaf Mn concentration for pHI PI trees averaged 285, 297 and 400/~gMng -~ at H1-H3, respectively. These concentrations are higher than those reported by Atkinson and White (1980) who found concentrations varying from 59 to 203/~g g-~ for apple trees grown in the field in a soil of pH 5.5-6.8. It is possible that the much higher Mn concentration observed in the present studies with potted cherry trees were due to lower soil pH and restricted top growth.…”

Section: Beneficial Effects Of P Application At Low Soil Ph Have Prevcontrasting

confidence: 49%

Top and root growth and nutrient absorption of Prunus avium L. at two soil pH and P levels

Neilsen

Atkinson³

1990

Plant Soil

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One-year-old Prunus avium L. were grown under greenhouse conditions in a Countesswells soil in all combinations of 2 pH and 2 P levels. The soil, obtained from a long-term liming and fertilizer experiment, provided pH values throughout the experiment of 3.75-3.99 (pH 1) and 4.81-5.41 (pH 2). The P treatments had 0.43% acetic acid extractable P of 31-44 #g g-~ (P1) and 145-173/~g g-~ (P2). The trees were harvested 92 (HI), 134 (H2), and 168 (H3) days after initiation of growth.Top (leaf + new stem) dry weight was significantly increased for pH 2 and P2 at H2 and H3. P2 also increased leaf weight (H 1), the weight of the original stem-root (H2 and H3), and root length but decreased root diameter at both soil pHs (H2 and H3). Total tree uptake of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was also increased by pH-P combinations which had significantly greater dry matter production and root length. Total Mn uptake decreased at pH2. Root nutrient inflows (uM m-~ day-~ ) were increased for Ca at pH2 and for P at P2. Mn inflow decreased at pH2 and at pHI P2 although the increased root length associated with the latter treatment resulted in increased total tree Mn uptake. In general, high nutrient inflows occurred in all trees at H1 and in severely stunted trees at pill P1; both had larger than average root diameters.

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Section: Beneficial Effects Of P Application At Low Soil Ph Have Prevcontrasting

confidence: 49%

Top and root growth and nutrient absorption of Prunus avium L. at two soil pH and P levels

Neilsen

Atkinson³

1990

Plant Soil

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“…Under herbicide strips, apple root density is also usually low (Atkinson and White, 1980), whereas roots appear to be more dense under mulch in the topsoil when compared to herbicide strips (Yao et al, 2009). Favorable soil conditions such as increased soil organic matter, greater cation exchange capacity, higher rates of soil microbial respiration, and disease-suppressive soil microflora apparently promote tree root growth under mulch (Yao et al, 2005).…”

Section: Effects Of Year Season and Treatment On Am Parametersmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The effects of herbicides nevertheless range from positive to negative (Malty et al, 2006;Ronco et al, 2008). Apart from the practices applied in the tree rows, activities in the work rows, such as the sowing of cover crops, especially legumes, which are good hosts of AM fungi, could facilitate AM colonization of apple roots through root-toroot infection (Atkinson and White, 1980) between cover crop and apple tree roots at the interface between work and tree rows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For instance, under herbicide strips, where the tree rows are kept mainly weed-free and apple root density is usually low (Atkinson and White, 1980), the probability of AM colonization of apple roots through root-to-root infection (Atkinson and White, 1980), is also low. An herbicide, like glyphosate, may also affect AM root colonization directly (Druille et al (2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of conventional and organic orchard floor management practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a ‘Cripp’s Pink’/M7 apple orchard soil

Meyer

Wooldridge

Dames

2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…This is particularly important in orchards, as in the Pacific Northwest, irrigated by sprinklers and located on coarsetextured soils. Additional improvements in tree vigour and yield reported for overall herbicides relative to herbicide strips in England (Atkinson and Lipecki 1980) were not observed at this site where fertiliser was applied in a narrow band within the tree row and soil organic matter content was low.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Comparison of white clover and mixed sodgrass as orchard floor vegetation

Neilsen¹,

Hogue²

2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2000. Comparison of white clover and mixed sodgrass as orchard floor vegetation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 617-622. Spartan apple trees on M·26 (Malus domestica Borkh.) rootstock, planted in 1983, were grown for 8 yr (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992) at 60 and 180 kg N ha -1 yr -1 with five orchard floor vegetation management treatments. A white clover cover over the whole orchard floor increased leaf N concentration relative to complete sod cover, but had negative effects on tree vigour and yield. Maximum vigour and yield occurred when in-row weed competition was controlled in a 1.5-m-strip, regardless of orchard floor vegetation beyond the strip. (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992) dans deux régimes de fumure azotée : 60 et 180 kg N ha -1 et dans cinq régimes de conduite de la végétation au sol. L'implantation d'un couvert de trèfle blanc sur toute la surface du verger a produit un accroissement des concentrations foliaires de N par rapport à un couvert intégral de graminées, mais au prix d'effets négatifs sur la vigueur de l'arbre et sur leur rendement fruitier. La vigueur et le rendement les plus élevés étaient obtenus lorsque la végétation adventice sur la ligne était maîtrisée dans une bande de 1,5 m de large, indépendamment de la nature de la végétation utilisée audelà de la bande. Mots clés:Pommier, concentration foliaire de N, conduite de la végétation couvre-sol, vigueur, rendement In the past 30 yr, some degree of reduction in competition resulting from orchard floor vegetation has been considered essential for optimum growth and yield of fruit trees. The herbicide-strip system is commonly used in the Pacific Northwest, an important North American irrigated fruitgrowing region (Hogue and Neilsen 1987). Recently, due to environmental concerns, there has been increased research effort to reduce use of herbicides (Lipecki and Berbéc 1997). As a consequence, interest has revived in earlier work that studied the consequences to production of using cover crops in orchards (Rogers et al. 1948). Of particular interest are studies indicating that N-fixing species, including crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and wild white clover (Trifolium pratense L.), were less deleterious to tree vigour that other vegetation covers (Rogers and Raptopoulos 1946; Bould and Jarrett 1962), although many of these studies were carried out in unirrigated, low-density orchards on vigorous rootstocks. Current apple production systems involve much higher densities of trees on dwarfing rootstocks. However, interest has been further provoked by recent studies indicating that large amounts of N are potentially available to fruit trees from a grass-legume understorey (Goh and Ridgen 1997), and that higher and adequate soil N was measured in orchard soil beneath white clover relative to various grasses (Hornig and Bünemann 1995). Such an orchard system provides a possible method of reducing N fertilization rates in orchards and mitigating the ecological consequences of excessive N-fertilizer applications...

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Some Effects of Orchard Soil Management on the Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Top and root growth and nutrient absorption of Prunus avium L. at two soil pH and P levels

Top and root growth and nutrient absorption of Prunus avium L. at two soil pH and P levels

Effect of conventional and organic orchard floor management practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a ‘Cripp’s Pink’/M7 apple orchard soil

Comparison of white clover and mixed sodgrass as orchard floor vegetation

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