Some effects of retained austenite on the fatigue resistance of carburized steel

Richman, R.H.; Landgraf, R. W.

doi:10.1007/bf02661347

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In more recent developments, the addition of silicon (Si), in combination with an increased alloying content, has been recognized as a way to improve bearing performance in particulate contamination environments [2,3]. This improvement is thought to be related to the presence of stable retained austenite (RA) [3][4][5]. It has been reported in the literature that RA leads to cyclic hardening through martensitic transformation in service processes of bearings [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bainite Transformation Characteristics of High-Si Hypereutectoid Bearing Steel

Chen

Han

2017

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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In this work, the bainite transformation characteristics of a high-Si hypereutectoid (1.3 wt.% Si, 1 wt.% C) bearing steel was analyzed by means of microstructural observation and dilatometric experiment. The results conclude that bainitic transformation occurs by the displacive mechanism at 250-350 °C. However, suppression of carbide precipitation from austenite, caused by the addition of 1.3 wt.% Si, leads to an increase in the effective carbon available for carbon enrichment in austenite. This reduces the bainite transformation kinetics. The incomplete transformation phenomenon can be explained in terms of the diffusionless growth of bainitic ferrite subunits and the suppression of carbide precipitation from carbon-enriched austenite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bainite Transformation Characteristics of High-Si Hypereutectoid Bearing Steel

Chen

Han

2017

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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“…Analysis of the variation of inelastic and total strains in the course of cyclic loading makes it possible to analyze specific features of the influence of plastic prestraining [30][31][32], heat treatment [23,33,34], inhomogeneity of the material billet properties [35], the state of the surface layer [34,36], distinctions in the behavior of single-and polycrystals [37], and other factors on the fatigue fracture peculiarities. Thus, the fatigue limits under conditions of a nonuniform stress state, e.g., bending as compared to axial loading, torsion of solid specimens as compared to torsion of thin-walled specimens, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlocalized Fatigue Damage of Metals and Alloys. Part 2. Interrelation between Fatigue and Inelasticity

Troshchenko

2005

Strength Mater

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The paper considers interrelation between the regularities in the fatigue fracture and inelastic deformation taking into account the material properties, stress gradient and concentration, specimen size, load cycle asymmetry, complex stress state, temperature, loading frequency and conditions, scatter of the test results. Analysis of the data from the literature and results of original investigations has shown that the characteristics of inelasticity, which define nonlocalized fatigue damage, can be used in studies of general regularities of the high-cycle fatigue fracture. Specific results of such analysis are presented.Keywords: high-cycle fatigue, inelasticity, manufacturing, design, and service factors.Introduction. The main characteristic that determines the resistance of metals and alloys to high-cycle fatigue and is used in calculations of strength and service life of machines and structures is a fatigue curve, which represents the relation between variable stresses and the number of cycles to fracture.The fatigue curve is used to determine the fatigue limit equal to the maximum stresses, which the material can withstand without failure during an infinite (≥10 7 ) number of the load cycles, and the stresses corresponding to a given number of the load cycles to fracture.As is shown by numerous investigations [1-10], those fatigue strength characteristics depend on the structure and fabrication technique of the material and components, their design features, operating conditions, and other factors and can differ appreciably for the same material.Along with construction of fatigue curves in the coordinates stress -number of cycles to fracture, in recent years, basing, in the first place, on the results of studying low-cycle fatigue, the relations are considered between variable strains and number of cycles to fracture [11-17, etc.]. When constructing such relationships, it is considered that the total strain amplitude, ε a , consists of the elastic, ε ae , and inelastic, ε ain , components.A more detailed analysis of the strain criteria of fatigue fracture will be made in Part 3. In this paper, most attention, so far as the experimental data permit, is concentrated on the consideration of the possibilities to establish a relationship between the regularities in the fatigue fracture and inelastic deformation, which characterizes nonlocalized fatigue damage under high-cycle fatigue.Early works are known [18][19][20][21][22], where interrelation between the regularities in inelastic deformation, which is characterized by inelastic strains and inelastic strain energy, heating of specimen, damping capacity, etc., and fatigue fracture were studied, primarily, in connection with the development of methods for accelerated determination of the fatigue limit and prediction of life with the account for the influence of various factors.Basic results in those investigations were obtained in testing smooth specimens under simple conditions. With the use of the data from the literature and the results of unique experimental...

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“…Subboundaries are formed due to reconstruction of high‐density dislocation walls; the original martensite laths are divided into small domains . Richman and Landgraf and Voskamp et al also suggested that the cyclic hardening of hardened steels was a consequence of the stress‐induced transformation of retained austenite. Arakere et al mentioned that plastic strain accumulation around the carbide inclusions in bearing steel can result in a maximum steel hardness increase of approximately 12% after ~13.5 × 10 6 cycles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis on rolling contact fatigue in railroad axle bearing steel

Guo

Yang

et al. 2018

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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High‐strength steels are widely used in high‐performance bearings utilized in most mechanical systems. However, there has been little statistical analysis regarding the fatigue failure behaviour of the material, where surface peeling resulted from contact fatigue during rolling is a significant life‐limiting mechanism. In this study, we examine the statistical behaviour of surface‐crack nucleation, propagation, and peeling in a high‐speed train axle bearing made of GCr15 steel by using a laboratory rolling‐contact equipment. We reveal that cyclic rolling‐contact leads to the formation of a hardness gradient in the outer ring of the bearing. The gradient layer is of several millimetres. The peeling rate could be as high as 28 μm per million cycles when the contact pressure is close to that applied in real service. Peeling‐induced cracking is dominantly transgranular. The incipient angle is about 23.2°, and its depth could be hundreds of micrometres. The findings reported here could be employed to assess the lifetime of bearings made of GCr15 steel and possible other engineering metals.

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Some effects of retained austenite on the fatigue resistance of carburized steel

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Bainite Transformation Characteristics of High-Si Hypereutectoid Bearing Steel

Bainite Transformation Characteristics of High-Si Hypereutectoid Bearing Steel

Nonlocalized Fatigue Damage of Metals and Alloys. Part 2. Interrelation between Fatigue and Inelasticity

Statistical analysis on rolling contact fatigue in railroad axle bearing steel

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