Some experiments and analysis of a predator‐prey model: Interaction between <i>Colpidium campylum</i> and <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> in continuous and mixed culture

Sudo, Ryuichi; Kobayashi, Kobee; Aiba, Setsuya

doi:10.1002/bit.260170204

Cited by 39 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In fact, a higher ciliate abundance was associated with a higher proportion of other bacteria than NTA-1; under cultivation conditions, it was also associated with a higher proportion of flocculated biomass. The mean ciliate cell volume equal to that reported by other authors for the exponential phase of growth (SUDO et al 1975, TAYLOR 1978, LEGNER 1980, decreased step by step to a value lower than that of the stationary phase of this clone (LEGNER 1983, SIMANOV andMACEK 1990). This might be explained by means of a proportional biovolume analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Apparent Limitations Of Ciliate Growthsupporting

confidence: 61%

Participation of a Specific Substrate Degrading Strain in a Mixed Bacteria Culture as a Result of Ciliate Grazing

Macek

Hartmann

Škopová

1993

Intl Review of Hydrobiology

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Participation of nitrilotriacetic acid degrading bacterial strain NTA-1 in the continuous-cultivated mixed culture was studied under different conditions including predation pressure of the ciliate Dexiostomu cumpyla (STOKES, 1886). From the viewpoint of dispersed/flocculated biomass distribution, significant relationships between NTA-1 and total bacteria ratio, and dispersed and total biomass ratio were proved in the systems without high concentrations of ciliates. The ciliate concentrations reaching lo4 m r stabilized flocculated biomass growth without directly affecting NTA-1 portion. Using fluorescently labelled NTA-1 bacteria, filter feeding rates of ciliates were evaluated (maximum individual uptake rate upon NTA-1 bacteria as a number of bacteria per ciliate per hour being 120 h-I and 260 h-I under ciliate division rate of0.3 day-' and 1 day-l, respectively). Biomass balance showed that dispersed NTA-1 bacteria should not serve as the sole feeding source for these free-swimming ciliates. The role of diversity of mixed bacterial diet in ciliate growth and the role of ciliate predation in stabilizing bacterial assemblage structure was proved.

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Section: Apparent Limitations Of Ciliate Growthsupporting

confidence: 61%

Participation of a Specific Substrate Degrading Strain in a Mixed Bacteria Culture as a Result of Ciliate Grazing

Macek

Hartmann

Škopová

1993

Intl Review of Hydrobiology

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“…(e) Population cycles of E.coli (open green circles) and Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (solid red circles), from Dulos & Marchand (). (f) Antiphase population cycles of Alcaligenes faecalis (bacterial prey, open green circles) and Colpidium campylum (ciliate predator, solid red circles), from Sudo, Kobayashi & Aiba ().…”

Section: But It's Hard To Predict How Fast Traits Will Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution: from genes to communities, and back again?

Ellner

2013

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Ecologists now recognize that ecologically important traits sometimes undergo large heritable changes on the same time-scale as ecological change ('rapid' or 'contemporary' evolution). We know much less about the meanings of 'sometimes' (how often?) and 'important' (how important?). I review some of what I and my collaborators have learned about rapid evolution and suggest some of its implications. 2. Rapid evolution is common: when conditions change, traits evolve. But the rate of change is hard to predict, even across a set of published laboratory predator-prey experiments, and very similar trait changes can result from very different molecular mechanisms, even within one species. 3. Evolutionary rescue (adaptive response to a detrimental environmental change) is common, but not always effective. The full range is observed, from little to almost complete compensation for environmental change. 4. Cases of limited compensation show that strong selection is necessary, but not sufficient for rapid adaptation. The response of the copepod Onychodiaptomus sanguineus to fluctuating predation shows that the time-scale of environmental variation is important. The response of Daphnia galeata to eutrophication shows that life-history trade-offs and constraints can prevent evolution from buffering the entire life history against environmental changes. 5. Eco-evolutionary dynamics are harder to predict when traits affecting multiple interactions evolve. Theory predicted, and experiments confirmed, a much larger range of possible evolutionary outcomes when a prey species evolves defences against two predators rather than one. These and other recent findings suggest that the devil is in the details: many subtle factors, such as how trade-offs depend on resource availability, can have large effects on eco-evolutionary dynamics. 6. Ecologists are increasingly engaged in predicting the ecological effects of human impacts such as species introductions and climate change. Forecasting evolutionary responses is part of that challenge. One implication of the 'newest synthesis' is that rapid adaptation to changing conditions is nothing new, so the past and present can tell us a lot about the future. If prediction is our goal, then developing predictive theory for eco-evolutionary dynamics, and testing it in tractable model systems, should be a priority.

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“…This would essentially be a variable refuge, where the number of invulnerable prey varied as predator and prey abundance varied. Such a model was proposed by, inter alia, Sudo and Kobayashi (1975). Measurements of the number of predation events per unit time expected from a CSR system, against the actual predation events per unit time recorded from HADES simulations, clearly showed a decrease in predation events from the HA-DES model at higher cycle amplitudes.…”

Section: Ephemeral Refugementioning

confidence: 95%

Population Dynamics and Spatial Scale: Effects of System Size on Population Persistence

Donalson

Nisbet

1999

Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology.Abstract. This paper explores the limitations of ecological models based on differential equations. We test three different model implementations of the processes represented by the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey equations. We use these models to investigate the system dynamics suppressed by the assumptions contained in differential-equation-based models; specifically, we examine the effects of space and demographic stochasticity. The differential equation implementation of the Lotka-Volterra processes assumes that there are enough individuals in the system that the effects of demographic stochasticity can be ignored and that the interactions between individuals always occur as though the system were continually well mixed or spatially random. The model predicts a neutrally stable equilibrium and infinite persistence, regardless of the size of the system.We use a stochastic birth-death (SBD) model to explore the possible effects of demographic stochasticity on the basic Lotka-Volterra model. The results show that, over a wide range of system sizes, the time to extinction is finite and increases linearly with the total size of the system. We introduce a new type of spatially explicit individual-based model called the Heuristic Asynchronous Discrete Event Simulation or HADES. HADES adds an explicit component of space to the SBD version of our process. We compare the system dynamics of the SBD and HADES models over the same system sizes, using the same demographic parameters, thereby partitioning the effects of demographic stochasticity and space. As system sizes are increased, the dynamics of the HADES model with respect to the SBD model, as measured by time to extinction, move from equivalent to less stable to much more stable.We analyze the effects of space on the system dynamics using animation, statistical point process analysis, and predicted system dynamics (spatial effects on the predation rate). We then show that both the destabilizing and stabilizing effects of space with respect to the SBD dynamics can be accounted for by specific nonrandom spatial patterns. We contrast our results with three commonly invoked mechanisms that affect the stability of predator-prey systems. We comment on the strengths and limitations of differential-equation-based models. of differential equation based models implies certain assumptions about the system under investigation. Two of these are as follows: (1) that there are enough individuals in the system at all times that effects of demographic stochasticity (May 1973) are negligible; and (2) that dispersal is great enough at all times t...

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Some experiments and analysis of a predator‐prey model: Interaction between Colpidium campylum and Alcaligenes faecalis in continuous and mixed culture

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Participation of a Specific Substrate Degrading Strain in a Mixed Bacteria Culture as a Result of Ciliate Grazing

Participation of a Specific Substrate Degrading Strain in a Mixed Bacteria Culture as a Result of Ciliate Grazing

Rapid evolution: from genes to communities, and back again?

Population Dynamics and Spatial Scale: Effects of System Size on Population Persistence

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