Some Factors Affecting the Concentration of Oxides of Nitrogen in Exhaust Gases from Spark Ignition Engines

Nebel, George J.; Jackson, Marvin W.

doi:10.1080/00966665.1958.10467847

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This is also consistent with various experimental and theoretical data given in the relevant books 4,21 and research articles 54‐56 . Moreover, NO x curves are similar to those which we have obtained for the same bidirectional combustor when burning other types of fuel: pulverized peat 57 and propane 15 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Criterion analysis and experimental study of combustion mechanisms in a bidirectional swirling flow and their relationship with pollutants emission

Guryanov

Евдокимов

Guryanova

et al. 2020

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary This paper reports on the theoretical and experimental studies of combustion in a bidirectional swirling flow to develop its criterion base. Based on considering known aero‐thermochemical similarity criteria, turbulent combustion numbers were calculated for the bidirectional vortex combustor for the first time. Theoretical assessment and experimental studies of the probability of the known combustion mechanisms' implementation in a limited bidirectional swirling flow, containing the secondary flows and separation phenomena, were performed. This gave us a possibility to provide the new correlation of combustion mechanisms with emission dependencies. A joint review of these data allowed us to establish that the greatest environmental efficiency is observed in the range of the air‐fuel equivalence ratio of 1.5 < λ < 1.9. At the same time, it was defined that stable combustion of liquid fuel in the bidirectional swirling flow is available up to the value λ = 22. Moreover, criterion equations for lean and rich limits of stable combustion were obtained.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Criterion analysis and experimental study of combustion mechanisms in a bidirectional swirling flow and their relationship with pollutants emission

Guryanov

Евдокимов

Guryanova

et al. 2020

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Concerning the nitrogen oxides (NOX), in both load cases the maximum value was recorded, in this work, using weakly lean mixtures (λ = 1.4); the global trend decreases as λ increases [62]. The higher values recorded at ML for both igniters can be related to higher temperatures, induced by higher operating pressure levels, with respect to the LL ones.…”

Section: Single-cylinder Enginementioning

confidence: 46%

Investigation of the Lean Stable Limit of a Barrier Discharge Igniter and of a Streamer-Type Corona Igniter at Different Engine Loads in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

Ricci

Petrucci

Cruccolini

et al. 2020

The First World Energies Forum—Current and Future Energy Issues

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Currently, the Radio-Frequency Corona Ignition systems represent an important solution for reducing pollutant emissions and fuel consumption related to Internal Combustion Engines, while at the same time ensuring high performance. These igniters are able to extend the lean stable limit by increasing the early flame growth speed. Kinetic, thermal, and ionic effects, together with the peculiar configuration of the devices, allow the combustion process to start in a wider region than the one involved with the traditional spark. In this work two corona igniters, namely a Barrier Discharge Igniter and a Corona Streamer Igniter, were tested in a single-cylinder research engine fueled with gasoline at different engine loads in order to investigate the igniters’ performance through indicated analysis and pollutant emissions analysis. For each operating point, the devices’ control parameters were set to ensure maximum energy releasement into the medium with the aim of investigating, at the extreme operating conditions, the capability of the devices to extend the lean stable limit of the engine. The corona igniters were tested on a constant volume calorimeter as well, reproducing the engine pressure conditions at the corresponding ignition timing. The target was to give an estimation of the thermal energy released during the discharge and then to compare their capability to provide high-stability energy.

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“…The formation of NO x , which depends on the combustion temperature as reported in many studies (Flynn et al 2000;Nebel and Jackson 1958), tends to decrease in the case of operating with fuel additive for both full load and partial load conditions. At full load condition (Figure 8a), NO x increases slightly in low engine speed regimes (1000 rpm to 2500 rpm).…”

Section: Comparisons Of Exhaust Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Implementation of fuel additive MAZ 100 for performance enhancement of compressed natural gas engine converted from in-used gasoline engine

Duy

Duc

Thanh³

et al. 2020

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has been applied worldwide for in-used engines, especially CNG engines that are converted from the conventional engines. However, it encounters the problem related to the low power and high fuel consumption of the conventional engine fueled by CNG. This paper presents an experimental study on performance enhancement of a CNG engine converted from the sparkignition engine by the implementation of fuel additive Maz 100. In experimental work, a fuel additive supplying system was developed to impose a certain amount of fuel additive to the intake manifold of the test engine. The study results show that when using Maz 100, the brake power of the test engine improves approximately 6.75% on average at full load conditions. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reduces 6.49% on average at full load and 3.53% on average at partial load condition. In addition, besides the benefit of performance enhancement, exhaust emissions of the test engine in the case of operating with fuel additive have changed considerably. Particularly, the CO emission reduces 36.1% at full load and 18.4% on average at partial load conditions. The HC emission reduces 37.1% at full load and 35.0% on average at partial load conditions. The NO x emission increases slightly in low-speed regimes and reduces in high-speed regimes when the engine operates at the full opened throttle condition. At partial load condition and speed of 3000 rpm, the NO x emission reduces 22.6% on average.Implications: This paper presents a solution for performance enhancement and emission reduction of natural gas engine by using fuel additive. Performance and emission characteristics of the natural gas engine fueled with fuel additive have been assessed in the laboratory. The performance of the test engine improves remarkably. The brake power of the test engine improves approximately 6.75% on average at full load conditions when the engine operates with fuel additive. The brake specific fuel consumption reduces 3.53% on average at partial load condition. The emission of pollution has different trends. The CO and HC emission reduces at testing conditions. The NO x emission increases slightly in low-speed regimes and reduces in high-speed regimes when the engine operates at the full opened throttle condition. The implementation of fuel additive is a potential solution for power improvement and emission reduction of natural gas engine.

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Some Factors Affecting the Concentration of Oxides of Nitrogen in Exhaust Gases from Spark Ignition Engines

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Criterion analysis and experimental study of combustion mechanisms in a bidirectional swirling flow and their relationship with pollutants emission

Criterion analysis and experimental study of combustion mechanisms in a bidirectional swirling flow and their relationship with pollutants emission

Investigation of the Lean Stable Limit of a Barrier Discharge Igniter and of a Streamer-Type Corona Igniter at Different Engine Loads in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

Implementation of fuel additive MAZ 100 for performance enhancement of compressed natural gas engine converted from in-used gasoline engine

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