Some features of crustacean cultivation aquabiotechnology on the waters of energy facilities

Abstract

The data on the state of the crayfish population on the territory of the Middle Volga before its regulation and after the formation of reservoirs are presented. Three stages in the state of development of aquabiotechnology of the crustaceans cultivation in the Middle Volga region have been identified. The first stage is before regulation of the Volga river. The second stage is pasture aquaculture in reservoirs with works on the targeted improvement of aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that the size-weight and ecological-biological characteristics of long-clawed crayfish before the regulation of the river and after the formation of the Kuibyshev reservoir are similar. The third stage is highlighted in connection with the expansion of biotechnologies for growing thermophilic crayfish in recirculating aquaculture systems. At the present stage, in the Kuibyshev and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs, there are narrow-clawed (Pontastacus leptodactylus Esch.) and wide-clawed crayfish (Astacus astacus L.). The catches contain crayfish of three ages: two-year-olds - about 100 mm, three-year-olds - about 150 mm, four-year-olds - about 170 mm long. The equation for the dependence of body weight on the zoological length of narrow-clawed crayfish in the Kuibyshev reservoir: y = 0.67x +81.3. The cultivation of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (VonMartens, 1868) on the warm waters of energy facilities can become an important element of aquaculture for the production of elite gourmet products. The equation for the dependence of body weight on the zoological length of red claw crayfish in a recirculating aquaculture system: y = 1.1x +57.3. The development of aquatic biotechnologies makes it possible to use natural crayfish populations for the creation of crayfish farms and pasture aquaculture on the basis of reservoir waters, and the use of warm waters makes it possible to grow new aquaculture objects for the industrial crayfish cultivation all year round. At the same time, natural ecosystems are not disturbed, and the rate of growth of marketable products under controlled production conditions allows not only to increase the volume of aquaculture products, but also to reduce the pressure of catch of crayfish from natural ecosystems.