Some features of the manifestation of the COVID-19 epidemic process on the territory of the Russian Federation at the stage of the ongoing pandemic

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics and structure of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Orenburg region for 2020–2022, in view of the circulating genovariant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The data of operational monitoring of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor used in the Orenburg region. On the territory of the Orenburg region, the circulating genovariant of the coronavirus infection and its influence on the incidence rate, age, sex of patients and the clinical form of diseases, 3 periods allocated: The 1st period (March 2020 — March 2021) characterized by the circulation of the Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 genovariant; in the 2nd period (April — December 2021), the SARS-CoV-2 Delta genovariant and, along with it, the British SARS-CoV-2 Alpha genovariant became widespread; in 3In the 1st period (January-December 2022), the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron gene variant prevailed. The incidence rate in every subsequent period was significantly higher than in the previous one. In all periods, women have highest morbidity, the age group at risk was people over 65 years old. The clinical variants of the disease was heterogeneous: the dynamics showed an increase in the proportion of acute respiratory viral infections, a decrease in the proportion of pneumonia and asymptomatic forms. The most severe course of the disease and the highest mortality established in the second period, against the background of the intensive dissemination of the most virulent Delta genvariant. The circulation of the contagious Omicron genevariant can be explained the peak values of morbidity at the beginning of the third period. The territorial unevenness of the distribution of morbidity revealed. The correlation established between the circulating genovariants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the manifestations of the epidemic process of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Orenburg Region in 2020–2022.

Epidemiology of the novel coronavirus infection in the Orenburg Region in the period from 2020 to 2022

Plotnikova¹

2023

Working conditions of medical workers of the infectious diseases hospital during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection

Valeeva,

Basyrova,

Shaikhlislamova

2023

pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (NCS) or COVID-19, announced by the World Health Organization in 2020, led to large-scale changes in the activities of all medical organizations in our country, which were forced to concentrate all their efforts to combat this infectious disease. There is an urgent need to convert most medical institutions into infectious diseases hospitals (IG) to treat patients with a new coronavirus infection. The developed federal and regional regulations for the work of medical organizations during a pandemic, including taking into account the experience of other countries, have made it possible to develop effective methods of combating infection and properly organize the work process. Studies have shown that the distribution of patient flows during hospitalization and the treatment process in the hospital can prevent excessive infection of medical workers. The working conditions of medical specialists of the infectious diseases hospital during this period corresponded to the harmful class 3 degree (class 3.3.). The leading harmful factor of the production environment and the most significant in terms of hygienic significance was the biological factor, which was represented by pathogenic microorganisms of groups II–IV. An analysis of the maps of a special assessment of working conditions (SUT) during this period showed that there was an underestimation of the class of working conditions according to the factors of the labor process — severity and tension, which were rated as within acceptable values (class 2), which clearly did not correspond to the true indicators. The survey showed that the medical workers of the hospital, working in a full set of personal protective equipment, experienced pronounced discomfort and pathological changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems by the end of the shift. Studies indicate the need for SATS during a pandemic, taking into account higher indicators of both the biological factor (extreme working conditions — class 4) and other production factors (severity, tension, microclimate).

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the severity of the course and outcomes of the disease in hospitalized patients in St. Petersburg

Nechaev,

Zaguzov,

Lyalina

2024

Vaccination against infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, despite the problems of a biological and social nature, remains the main preventive measure to prevent the spread of this infection. The aim is to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccine prophylaxis on the incidence of severe forms and deaths among hospitalized patients. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of official data on 13,778 patients hospitalized in the main repurposed hospitals of the city of St. Petersburg was carried out, of which 973 people had a fatal disease. The frequency of pneumonia and deaths among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was analyzed. Correlation and regression analysis was used to determine the nature of the relationship between these factors. An analysis of the incidence of pneumonia and deaths in patients with different vaccination status showed their statistically significant predominance among unvaccinated patients (p < 0.05). Quantitative fluctuations in deaths in 2021–2022 were established due to the beneficial effect of preventive vaccinations against COVID-19, expressed in a decrease in hospital mortality rates. The greatest reduction in mortality was achieved in the group of vaccinated patients in the absence of pneumonia. The risk of adverse outcomes was highest in the presence of pneumonia and the absence of vaccinations. A significant favorable factor was the vaccination coverage of hospitalized patients. COVID-19 vaccine prophylaxis has a positive effect on both the severity of this infection and its outcomes. However, a critical factor in this case is the degree of immunization of the population.