particles are so large that gain fluctuations from their discreteness is not appreciable.It is to be remarked that because of inclusion of fluctuation effects, the quantum model is more complete than the classical nonlinear circuit. The idealized reactor is noise-free because its response is a single valued function of stimulus. The noise sources inherently associated with any physical reactor must be evaluated from the departure from the ideal. These departures include the dissipative effects which any real inductor or capacitor exhibits. The low-noise performance of the back-biased semiconductor junction used as a nonlinear capacitor arises from the relatively small dissipation of energy.The final difference which we wish to mention is perhaps the most puzzling of all. This is that the idealized reactor is described by nonlinear equations while the analogous quantum mechanical system is analyzed by linear operations. It is true that we do not solve for the same quantities in both cases. In the reactor, we calculate relations between current, voltage, charge, and flux linkage. In the maser, Schroedinger and Heisenberg's methods actually evaluate probability density functions from which only average values of observable quantities can be obtained. But the calculations are linear, and for large systems the average values furnish an adequate description.