Some host-parasite relationships of the Acanthocephala, with special reference to the organs of attachment

Cleave, H. J. Van

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(52)90021-0

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For identification purposes, one advantage of these characters is that they are already visible at the cystacanth stage and remain unmodified during the adult development (Van Cleave 1952). This is the reason why some Bolbosoma species currently considered as valid have been described from cystacanths alone, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Gregori¹,

Aznar²,

Abollo³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cystacanths of the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae (Gmelin, 1790) were found encapsulated in the cephalothorax of the euphausiid Nyctiphanes couchii (Bell, 1853) from temperate waters in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Euphausiids were caught in locations outside the Ría de Vigo in Galicia, NW Spain, and prevalence of infection was up to 0.1%. The parasite was identified by morphological characters. Cystacanths were 8.09 ± 2.25 mm total length (mean ± SD) and had proboscises that consisted of 22 to 24 longitudinal rows of hooks, each of which had 8 or 9 hooks per row including 2 or 3 rootless ones in the proboscis base and 1 field of small hooks in the prebulbar part. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA and cytocrome c oxidase subunit I revealed a close relationship with other taxa of the family Polymorphidae (Meyer, 1931). The results extend northwards ot the known distribution of B. balaenae. Taxonomic affiliation of parasites and trophic ecology in the sampling area suggest that N. couchii is the intermediate host for B. balenae, and we suggest that the whales Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) and B. acutorostrata (Lacepède, 1804) are its definitive hosts. This life cycle is probably completed with or without paratenic hosts.KEY WORDS: Acanthocephala · Cystacanths · Bolbosoma balaenae · Zooplankton · Nyctiphanes couchii · NE Atlantic Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 99: [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] 2012 part of the diet of other vertebrates that serve as definitive hosts for a number of parasites. In addition, euphausiids are also a sizeable ingredient of the diet of some marine mammals (Raga et al. 2009). Despite the fact that parasites have great ecological importance, their recruitment (especially for acanthocephalans) in the lower levels of the food web and the role that they play is poorly understood.Adult polymorphid acanthocephalans are intestinal parasites of marine mammals, fish-eating birds and waterfowl. Bolbosoma (Porta, 1908) and Corynosoma (Lühe, 1904) are two of the main genera of intestinal parasites that infect marine mammals (Aznar et al. 2006). The life cycle of Bolbosoma species is thought to involve pelagic marine zooplankton, especially pelagic euphausiids and copepods, as an intermediate host (Hoberg et al. 1993) and different species of fish as paratenic (transport) hosts (Raga et al. 2009). The juvenile forms of acanthocephalans are cystacanths, which are morphologically similar to the mature worms but differ from them in the size of the trunk and the degree of development of the sexual organs (Zdzitowiecki 1991, Hoberg et al. 1993. Moreover, these juvenile forms are widely considered to be the infective stage for definitive hosts. These cystacanths appear contracted with an introverted proboscis and neck inside cysts of the intermediate and paratenic hosts. The genus Bolbosoma, established for Acanthocephala from whales, contains 15 species (Amin 1985) and has a worldwide distribution (Measure...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Gregori¹,

Aznar²,

Abollo³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…There is, however, an additional factor to be considered. The primary function of trunk spines is to assist in the adherence of the body to the substrate (Van Cleave 1952;Petrochenko 1956;Taraschewski 2000). Secondarily, spines might also bring the absorptive surface into contact with the food supplies on the substrate (Van Cleave 1952), incidentally increasing the parasite's absorptive surface area (Crompton & Lee 1965).…”

Section: Fold Spines As Non-functional Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A); the hindtrunk is cylindrical and also bears spines on its ventral surface (the entire surface in females, the anterior half in males, Aznar et al 1999a). The proboscis and foretrunk are the primary attachment devices (Aznar et al 1999a; see also Van Cleave 1952). Unlike the foretrunk, the hindtrunk of in situ specimens is observed to be detached or attached.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction and variability of trunk spines in the acanthocephalan Corynosoma cetaceum: the role of physical constraints on attachment

Aznar

Bush

Raga

2002

Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. In this study, we investigated a functional trade‐off between trunk attachment and trunk‐spine development in the acanthocephalan Corynosoma cetaceum. The worms live attached to the stomach and upper intestine of their cetacean definitive hosts, using the proboscis and spiny foretrunk as the main holdfast; the spiny hindtrunk can also attach by bending ventrally. When the hindtrunk bends, ventral compression generates an anterior fold (AF) and a posterior fold (PF). A morphological analysis based on 7,823 individuals collected from 10 franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, revealed that spines were smaller and more variable in size and occurrence in the folds than on neighboring areas; the growth of fold spines seemed to be inhibited to various degrees. Spines were more reduced in the AF than in the PF, and spines of both folds were more reduced in females than in males. Patterns of reduction appeared to be directly related to the intensity of fold compression associated with hindtrunk bending. Fold compression could induce plastic inhibition of spine growth, and/or could make fold spines maladaptive, spines being reduced by natural selection. Apparently, fold spines neither contact the substrate, nor are they exposed to the environment when the hindtrunk attaches. Therefore, fold spines could have reduced, or lost, their primary function, at least in the definitive host. The reduction and variability of spines in C. cetaceum seem to be unique among Corynosoma species.

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“…Moreover, Taraschewski (2000) divided the acanthocephalan species in three categories based on proboscis activity and depth of penetration within the host tissue. Nonetheless, many acanthocephalans, but not all, possess trunk spines, which are presumed to function as a secondary holdfast device (Van Cleave, 1952). The spines may be present on the foretrunk only (e.g., D. truttae) or on both fore-and hindtrunk portions (e.g., Telosentis exiguus, Dezfuli and Sbrenna 1990;Corynosoma cetaceum, Aznar et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a functional and evolutionary context, many aspects of Acanthocephala morphology are interpreted as structural adaptations that favor effective attachment to the host digestive tract wall (Van Cleave, 1952). The proboscis and foretrunk in this taxon are thought to be primary attachment structures (Aznar et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural study on the body surface of the acanthocephalan parasite Dentitruncus truttae in brown trout

Dezfuli

Lui

Giari

et al. 2007

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations on the holdfast elements, proboscis hooks, and trunk spines of Dentitruncus truttae (Acanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala), an endoparasite of Salmo trutta (brown trout), provide more data about the surface of these taxonomic relevant structures. In both acanthocephalan sexes, the fully everted cylindrical proboscis possessed 18 longitudinal rows of hooks with 18 hooks per row (rarely 19-20). Hook length varied according to position on the proboscis; apical hooks were 40-52 microm long, middle hooks were 31.7-36.6 microm, and basal hooks were 38.1-40 microm. Starting from the anterior end of the metasoma, numerous cuticular spines (26.7-30 microm in length) were visible and their number progressively decreased posteriorly. SEM observations of D. truttae hooks and spines revealed the presence of many surface striations on each proboscis hook. These surface striations were absent from trunk spines. From the base of the hook, the striations ran parallel toward the point of convergence. Additionally, survey of longitudinal and transversal sections of the hook using transmission electron microscope confirmed that the hook surface was not smooth. SEM comparison with the hooks of several palaeacanthocephalan species, as well as with the hooks of species belonging to Eoacanthocephala and Polyacanthocephala, indicated that the striations are currently exclusive to D. truttae proboscis hooks.

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Some host-parasite relationships of the Acanthocephala, with special reference to the organs of attachment

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Reduction and variability of trunk spines in the acanthocephalan Corynosoma cetaceum: the role of physical constraints on attachment

Ultrastructural study on the body surface of the acanthocephalan parasite Dentitruncus truttae in brown trout

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