Some Inhibitors of Histamine‐induced and Formaldehyde‐induced Inflammation in Mice

Abstract

The swelling and capillary hyperpermeability of the mouse foot in response to an injection of formaldehyde, and the increased capillary permeability to an intradermal injection of histamine, have been investigated. Cortisone, mepyramine and sodium salicylate were effective in reducing histamine-induced inflammation, sodium salicylate being less active in the adrenalectomized animal. In formaldehyde-induced inflammation, however, cortisone was ineffective whereas sodium salicylate was effective in the intact mouse, but not in the adrenalectomized animal. Certain aryloxypropionates and anti-esterases were also active in reducing the severity of the formaldehydeinduced inflammation.Formaldehyde will induce an inflammatory reaction at the site of injection, and this has been used by Parratt & West (1957) for studying inflammation quantitatively in the rat foot. Selye (1949) first described the effect of injected formaldehyde in the rat foot as an "arthritic " reaction, but this has been criticized by Bourne (1951) as inaccurate. Various authors are agreed, however, upon the main point, that formaldehyde produces a local inflammation.

A Study of Possible Mediators of Inflammatory Reactions in the Mouse Foot

“…It is well known that the salicylates, for example, release both adrenal cortical (Smith, 1953) and adrenal medullary hormones (Smith, 1955), and although the adrenal cortical hormones are inactive against formaldehyde-induced inflammation in the mouse foot (Northover & Subramanian, 1961a) the adrenal medullary amines have been shown in the present experiments to be active.…”

“…Numerous reports have been published on the anti-inflammatory action of salicylates, and the subject was reviewed by Smith (1953) and Smith (1960). Previously we have found (Northover & Subramanian, 1961a) that formaldehyde-induced inflammation in the mouse foot is reduced by both acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate, and it seemed of interest to investigate the effect of other hydroxybenzoates. The results of these experiments are given in Table 1.…”

“…These enzymes behave as though they are esterases, and are inhibited in vitro by dyflos, and we know from previous work (Northover & Subramanian, 1961a) that this compound is one of the most active antagonists of formaldehydeinduced inflammation in the mouse foot. Further work is in progress to correlate anti-inflammatory activity with activity against these enzymes.…”

“…The details of the method have been described by Northover & Subramanian (1961a). Adult mice of either sex weighing between 25 and 35 g were used in groups of 6 animals.…”

Release of Prostaglandin‐like Substances by Shigella Endotoxin and Its Inhibition by Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Compounds

“…Hinshaw, Brake, Emerson, Jordan & Masucci (1964) reported that adrenalectomized dogs were more sensitive to endotoxin, which suggested that catecholamines play a protective role. Adrenaline and noradrenaline have been reported to suppress inflammation (Setnikar, Subratorra & Temilcou, 1959;Northover & Subramanian, 1961). These studies on the release of chemical mediators by endotoxin were carried out after its intravenous administration.…”