Some Key Features of the Strong-Motion Data from the M 6.0 Parkfield, California, Earthquake of 28 September 2004

Shakal, A. F.; Haddadi, Hamid R.; Graizer, Vladimir; Lin, Kuo-Wan; Huang, Moh

doi:10.1785/0120050817

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For stations at locations nearly perpendicular to the fault (h MidFault near 90Њ), the rotation angles are close to 0 and 180Њ, which again corresponds to SH motion, but now in a strike-parallel direction. This effect was demonstrated by Shakal et al (2006) for ground motions from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake.…”

Section: Sa Arbmentioning

confidence: 88%

Beyond SaGMRotI: Conversion to SaArb, SaSN, and SaMaxRot

Watson-Lamprey¹,

Boore²

2007

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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In the seismic design of structures, estimates of design forces are usually provided to the engineer in the form of elastic response spectra. Predictive equations for elastic response spectra are derived from empirical recordings of ground motion. The geometric mean of the two orthogonal horizontal components of motion is often used as the response value in these predictive equations, although it is not necessarily the most relevant estimate of forces within the structure. For some applications it is desirable to estimate the response value on a randomly chosen single component of ground motion, and in other applications the maximum response in a single direction is required. We give adjustment factors that allow converting the predictions of geometric-mean ground-motion predictions into either of these other two measures of seismic ground-motion intensity. In addition, we investigate the relation of the strike-normal component of ground motion to the maximum response values. We show that the strike-normal component of ground motion seldom corresponds to the maximum horizontal-component response value (in particular, at distances greater than about 3 km from faults), and that focusing on this case in exclusion of others can result in the underestimation of the maximum component. This research provides estimates of the maximum response value of a single component for all cases, not just near-fault strike-normal components. We provide modification factors that can be used to convert predictions of ground motions in terms of the geometric mean to the maximum spectral acceleration (Sa MaxRot ) and the random component of spectral acceleration (Sa Arb ). Included are modification factors for both the mean and the aleatory standard deviation of the logarithm of the motions.

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Section: Sa Arbmentioning

confidence: 88%

Beyond SaGMRotI: Conversion to SaArb, SaSN, and SaMaxRot

Watson-Lamprey¹,

Boore²

2007

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…The strong motion records from this earthquake may be a good reference to understand the ground-motion level from M w 6.0 event. The range of PGA is 0.13 g to 1.8 g (3 records exceed 1 g), and the largest peak ground velocity (PGV) is about 80 cm/s at three sites (Shakal et al, 2006). Shakal et al (2006) pointed out that the largest accelerations occurred near the ends of the inferred rupture zone.…”

Section: Strong Ground Motionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The range of PGA is 0.13 g to 1.8 g (3 records exceed 1 g), and the largest peak ground velocity (PGV) is about 80 cm/s at three sites (Shakal et al, 2006). Shakal et al (2006) pointed out that the largest accelerations occurred near the ends of the inferred rupture zone. They investigated the rupture directivity effect on the peak ground motions: the forward directivity effect for PGA was strong only close to the strike of the fault, near and beyond the ends of the faulting, and the effect for PGV was clearer than PGA.…”

Section: Strong Ground Motionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Strong ground motions from an Mj 6.1 inland crustal earthquake in Hokkaido, Japan: the 2004 Rumoi earthquake

Maeda

Sasatani

2009

Earth Planet Sp

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An inland crustal earthquake (M j 6.1) occurred on December 14, 2004 in the northern part of Hokkaido, Japan. A large ground acceleration of 1127 cm/s 2 and a large pseudo-velocity response of over 100 cm/s were recorded at the nearest strong-motion station, HKD020, about 10 km from the hypocenter. This large ground motion is considered to be attributable to the source effect and the site effect. The site effect is investigated using the traditional spectral ratio technique and the theoretical evaluation based on the subsurface structure model. The results imply that the site effect has an insignificant effect on the large ground motion at HKD020. The source effect is investigated by constructing the source model that explains the broad-band strong-motion records at four stations around the epicenter using the empirical Green's function method. The estimated source model satisfies the empirical relationship between the strong motion generation areas and the seismic moment for inland crustal earthquakes. The high-frequency level of the acceleration source spectrum is also consistent with the empirical relationship. These results suggest that this earthquake is a normal crustal event and that the large ground motion at HKD020 is mainly attributable to the source effect, short distance from the strong motion generation area and the forward directivity effect. Finally, the temporal change of the site response at HKD020 is examined using long duration records including the main shock and several aftershocks. The site response based on the S-wave horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method shows the nonlinearity for the main shock and an aftershock occurring about 20 s after the main shock. However, the site response shows linearity for other later aftershocks. This site response change is attributed to the difference in ground motion amplitude.

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“…In addition to these three limbs, the shorter Stone Corral limb extended to the east (McJunkin and Shakal, 1983). The strong-motion data recorded by the CGS array were critically analyzed by Shakal et al (2006). The Parkfield strong-motion instrumentation also included 12 high-resolution General Earthquake Observation System (GEOS) recorders installed by the USGS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Implications of Source Parameters and 3D Wave Propagation Modeling for the 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake

Şeşetyan¹,

Çaktı²,

Madariaga³

2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The 2004 M w 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake took place in a very well-instrumented area, producing a substantial quantity of high-quality near-field recordings. Taking advantage of the rare luxury of having a large number of near-field ground-motion recordings distributed around the fault zone and the availability of various slip models as well as an Earth structure model of the region, we study the effects of various kinematic rupture parameters to derive implications for strong ground motion simulation in engineering applications. We model the 3D wave propagation resulting from this earthquake using the 3D staggered-grid finite-difference method. Using a grid spacing of 100 m in our fourth-order explicit finite-difference code, we could properly resolve frequencies of up to 1 Hz with a minimum of eight grids per wavelength for shear waves, except in the immediate vicinity of the fault where fault-trapped waves dominate the records. We assess the effects of various simulation parameters such as slip model, rise time (constant or variable), rupture velocity, and the earth model (1D versus 3D) on the resulting waveforms. We also investigate the distribution of engineering parameters such as peak ground velocities, peak ground displacements, and spectral accelerations at specific periods on the Earth's surface. An outstanding feature is that at high frequencies fault-normal components near the edge of fault segments dominate the ground-motion field. Fault-parallel components are dominated by lower frequencies. The difference between fault-parallel and fault-normal components is clearly observed in such engineering parameters as peak ground velocity and peak ground displacement.

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Some Key Features of the Strong-Motion Data from the M 6.0 Parkfield, California, Earthquake of 28 September 2004

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Beyond SaGMRotI: Conversion to SaArb, SaSN, and SaMaxRot

Beyond SaGMRotI: Conversion to SaArb, SaSN, and SaMaxRot

Strong ground motions from an Mj 6.1 inland crustal earthquake in Hokkaido, Japan: the 2004 Rumoi earthquake

Engineering Implications of Source Parameters and 3D Wave Propagation Modeling for the 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake

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