Some macromolecular abnormalities developed by the interaction of malathion and permethrin and subsequent refeeding in Tribolium castaneum larvae

Abstract

The effects of sublethal treatments of malathion and malathion + permethrin combinations on activities of acetylcholine esterase (ChE), carbohydratemetabolizing enzymes (amylase; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), protein-metabolizing enzymes (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, ALAT, ASAT), as well as acid and basic phosphatases (AcP and AkP, respectively), and Kreb's cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, ICDH) were studied o n sixth instar larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In addition, the levels of lipid, cholesterol, glucose, glycogen, proteins, free amino acids (FAA), urea, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were determined. Malathion (400 ppm) increased the activity of LDH (53%), as well as the concentrations of FAA (31 %) and urea (39%). Malathion treatments of 400 ppm decreased the glucose (20%) and glycogen (24%) content but did not affect other enzymes and biochemical components. Permethrin (200 ppm) and malathion (20 ppm) mixtures increased the activities of ChE (708%) and LDH (55%), and raised the concentrations of FAA (26%), urea (24%), glucose (23%), lipid (14%), cholesterol (21%), DNA (24%), and RNA (8%). The decrease in AcP activity and in glycogen concentration observed with malathion was sustained by permethrin in the mixture. Permethrin + malathion mixtures also depressed the levels of AkP (30%), ICDH (24%), and glycogen (36%). The intensity of effects commensurated with the dose and duration of insecticide exposure. Refeeding showed tendencies towards normalization of various biochemical parameters.

TOXICITY OF PHOSPHINE TO 4TH INSTAR LARVAE OF SIX DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF Trogodermagranarium (Everts) (COLEOPTERA:DERMESTIDAE) COLLECTED FROM GODOWNS IN PUNJAB (PAKISTAN)

“…Which revealed that citric acid cycle more active in this stage. The findings of this study was supported by Shakoori et al (1987Shakoori et al ( , 1989Shakoori et al ( , 1999) working on T.castaneum with organophosphates. Data produced during these experiments can be used as indicator of phosphine toxicity and contribute to understanding the mechanism of toxicity in T. granarium.…”

Biochemical Analyses of Action of Chlorfluazuron as Reproductive Inhibitor in Spodoptera litura

“…Shakoori et al (1988) reported that at higher doses of fenpropathrin, DNA and RNA contents were decreased up to 20% to 21%, respectively, in sixth-instar larvae of T. castaneum. Shakoori and Saleem (1989) reported that malathion was ineffective on the DNA and RNA content, but permethrin and malathion increased 28% and 27% the DNA and RNA activity after 120 hours of treatment. DNA increased up to 23% and 27% and RNA increased up to 14% and 18% by the pyrethroids, respectively.…”

A multivariate biomarker‐based model predicting population‐level responses of Daphnia magna

“…Other studies, in general, have found conflicting results using this enzyme: Toxicant exposure resulted in an increased [24,25], decreased [26], or unaffected [27,28] ICDH activity. Our 48-h observations suggest that the increased energy demand in exposed daphnids was met by this highly efficient energy-producing pathway.…”

“…Our 48-h observations suggest that the increased energy demand in exposed daphnids was met by this highly efficient energy-producing pathway. Other studies, in general, have found conflicting results using this enzyme: Toxicant exposure resulted in an increased [24,25], decreased [26], or unaffected [27,28] ICDH activity. Based on the results shown in Figure 2, one could conclude that increased ICDH activity is correlated with decreased population performance.…”