Some Monascus purpureus Genomes Lack the Monacolin K Biosynthesis Locus

Kwon, Hyung Jin; Balakrishnan, Bijinu; Kim, Yeon Ki

doi:10.3839/jabc.2016.009

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[19] A previous study reported that monacolin K cannot be produced due to the lack of monacolin K biosynthesis locus in some M. purpureus genomes. [51] After the prediction of monacolin K BGC in the genome of strain CSU-M183, we found that there was no complete monacolin K BGC in the strain CSU-M183, which was consistent with previous studies. [42,51] Undoubtedly, the identification of BGCs has greatly facilitated the understanding of the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in Monascus, which can provide theoretical support for industrial production of Monascus secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Identification Of Secondary Metabolites Bgcssupporting

confidence: 90%

Analysis of secondary metabolite gene clusters and chitin biosynthesis pathways of Monascus purpureus with high production of pigment and citrinin based on whole-genome sequencing

Zhang

Zeng

Lin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Monascus is a filamentous fungus that is commonly used for producing Monascus pigments in the food industry in Southeast Asia. While the development of bioinformatics has helped elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying secondary metabolite biosynthesis of Monascus , the biological information on the metabolic engineering of Monascus morphology remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of Monascus purpureus CSU-M183 strain by using combined single-molecule real-time DNA sequencing and next-generation sequencing platforms. The length of the genome assembly was 23.75 Mb in size with a GC content of 49.13% and 69 genomic contigs and encoded 7305 putative predicted genes. Furthermore, we identified secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and chitin synthesis pathways in the genome of the high pigment-producing M. purpureus CSU-M183 strain. And we confirmed that atmospheric room temperature plasma induced significant expression of the genes on Monascus pigments and citrinin biosynthetic gene cluster in M. purpureus CSU-M183 by RT-qPCR. These results provide a basis for understanding the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, the regulatory mechanisms of Monascus morphology, disrupting secondary metabolite biosynthesis in submerged fermentation, and the metabolic engineering of Monascus morphology.

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Section: Identification Of Secondary Metabolites Bgcssupporting

confidence: 90%

Analysis of secondary metabolite gene clusters and chitin biosynthesis pathways of Monascus purpureus with high production of pigment and citrinin based on whole-genome sequencing

Zhang

Zeng

Lin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In the analysis of the monacolin K gene cluster, four M. purpureus strains, specifically NRRP 1596, YY-1, KACC 42430 [43], and NBRC 4478 (in this study), lack an intact monacolin K gene cluster. By contrast, M. pilosus NBRC 4520 and M. ruber NBRC 4483 have a complete set of monacolin K gene clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…However, among the Monascus species, two M. pilosus strains (BCRC 38072 in Taiwan by [ 40 ]; NBRC 4520 in this study) cannot produce citrinin. Interestingly, several previously reported M. ruber strains, particularly ATCC 16246, 16378, 16366, 18199, 16371, and 18199 by Chen et al [ 40 ], AUMC 4066 (CBS109.07) and AUMC 5705 by Moharram et al [ 48 ], NRRP 1597 by Kwon [ 43 ], and NBRC 4483 in this study, lack citrinin production activities, but other strains, such as Tiegh by Ostry et al [ 47 ] and ATCC 96218 by Hajjaj et al [ 38 ] have the potential to produce this secondary metabolite. Thus, M. ruber can be classified into citrinin-producing and non-citrinin producing types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monacolin K was first isolated from the medium of M. ruber [41] and its biosynthesis pathway was determined, in M. pilosus (BCRC 387072), composed of nine enzymes that have a high level of homology with genes in the monacolin K biosynthetic gene cluster of Aspergillus terreus [42]. Three strains of M. purpureus, specifically NRRP 1596, YY-1 (an industrial strain), and KACC 42430 (a laboratory strain), lack an intact monacolin K gene cluster [43]. In the present study, we also examined the monacolin gene clusters in three Monascus species.…”

Section: Comparison Of Monacolin Biosynthetic Gene Clusters In the Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divergence of metabolites in three phylogenetically close Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) based on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters

et al. 2020

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Background Species of the genus Monascus are considered to be economically important and have been widely used in the production of yellow and red food colorants. In particular, three Monascus species, namely, M. pilosus, M. purpureus, and M. ruber, are used for food fermentation in the cuisine of East Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. These species have also been utilized in the production of various kinds of natural pigments. However, there is a paucity of information on the genomes and secondary metabolites of these strains. Here, we report the genomic analysis and secondary metabolites produced by M. pilosus NBRC4520, M. purpureus NBRC4478 and M. ruber NBRC4483, which are NBRC standard strains. We believe that this report will lead to a better understanding of red yeast rice food. Results We examined the diversity of secondary metabolite production in three Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. purpureus, and M. ruber) at both the metabolome level by LCMS analysis and at the genome level. Specifically, M. pilosus NBRC4520, M. purpureus NBRC4478 and M. ruber NBRC4483 strains were used in this study. Illumina MiSeq 300 bp paired-end sequencing generated 17 million high-quality short reads in each species, corresponding to 200 times the genome size. We measured the pigments and their related metabolites using LCMS analysis. The colors in the liquid media corresponding to the pigments and their related metabolites produced by the three species were very different from each other. The gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis of the three Monascus species also diverged, confirming that M. pilosus and M. purpureus are chemotaxonomically different. M. ruber has similar biosynthetic and secondary metabolite gene clusters to M. pilosus. The comparison of secondary metabolites produced also revealed divergence in the three species. Conclusions Our findings are important for improving the utilization of Monascus species in the food industry and industrial field. However, in view of food safety, we need to determine if the toxins produced by some Monascus strains exist in the genome or in the metabolome.

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“…Monascus red pigments biosynthesizing genes in Monascus ruber and M. pilosus, are designated as MrPig, and mok gene clusters, correspondingly [ 161 , 162 ]. Other strains of M. pilosus possess MpPKS5 and mpp genes [ 163 ], whereas M. purpurea bears MpPKS9 and mok gene cluster [ 164 ]. The crt genes are involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in Brevundimonas sp.…”

Section: Pigment Gene Cassettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Biotechnological Aspects of Pigmented Microbes: A Way Forward in Development of Food and Pharmaceutical Grade Pigments

Ramesh

Dufossé²

2021

Microorganisms

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Microbial pigments play multiple roles in the ecosystem construction, survival, and fitness of all kinds of organisms. Considerably, microbial (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae) pigments offer a wide array of food, drug, colorants, dyes, and imaging applications. In contrast to the natural pigments from microbes, synthetic colorants are widely used due to high production, high intensity, and low cost. Nevertheless, natural pigments are gaining more demand over synthetic pigments as synthetic pigments have demonstrated side effects on human health. Therefore, research on microbial pigments needs to be extended, explored, and exploited to find potential industrial applications. In this review, the evolutionary aspects, the spatial significance of important pigments, biomedical applications, research gaps, and future perspectives are detailed briefly. The pathogenic nature of some pigmented bacteria is also detailed for awareness and safe handling. In addition, pigments from macro-organisms are also discussed in some sections for comparison with microbes.

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Some Monascus purpureus Genomes Lack the Monacolin K Biosynthesis Locus

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of secondary metabolite gene clusters and chitin biosynthesis pathways of Monascus purpureus with high production of pigment and citrinin based on whole-genome sequencing

Analysis of secondary metabolite gene clusters and chitin biosynthesis pathways of Monascus purpureus with high production of pigment and citrinin based on whole-genome sequencing

Divergence of metabolites in three phylogenetically close Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) based on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters

Ecological and Biotechnological Aspects of Pigmented Microbes: A Way Forward in Development of Food and Pharmaceutical Grade Pigments

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