Some neurons of the mouse cortex and caudoputamen contain aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase but not monoamines.

Komori, Kaoru; Fujii, Tetsuya; Karasawa, Nobuyuki; Yamada, Keiki; Nagatsu, Ikuko

doi:10.1267/ahc.24.571

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We have reported the distribution of neurotransmitters in the brains of many vertebrates determined by comparative anatomy [9,12,17,18,21,27,28,32,33,41,42]. In this study, we clarified the localization of cholinergic neurons in the brain of laboratory shrew (Suncus murinus) of the insectivora order, which is one of the most primitive vertebrates in the family Soricidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Karasawa

Takeuchi

Yamada

et al. 2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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We determined the distribution pattern of cholinergic neurons in laboratory shrews (Suncus murinus) based on comparative morphology by an immunohistochemical method using an anticholine acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody. ChAT-positive neurons were observed in the striatum, magnocellular nucleus and basal nucleus, pontine tegmentum and cranial nerve motor nuclei (IV, V, VII, X and XII). Specific findings were as follows: many ChAT-positive neurons were observed in the locus ceruleus (LC) and raphe dorsalis (RD), and the colocalization of ChAT-positive neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase in the LC and that of ChAT-positive neurons and serotonin in the RD were clarified. On the other hand, in the rat brain, ChAT-positive neurons were present in the central amygdaloid nucleus; however, this was not observed in the brains of laboratory shrews. Laboratory shrews are among the most primitive mammalian species and have a different distribution pattern of aminergic neurons, other than cholinergic neurons, from that in rats. A unique distribution pattern of ChAT-positive neurons in the laboratory shrew brain was thus noted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Karasawa

Takeuchi

Yamada

et al. 2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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“…In this usage, the classification term "D" means decarboxylation. In rodents [13,16,17], a small number of D-cells in the striatum were rostrally described and confirmed to be neurons by electron-microscopic observation [13].…”

Section: D-neuronmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The D-cell contains AADC but not dopaminergic nor serotonergic [10]. D-cells produce trace amines [11,12], and may also act as an APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) system that takes up amine precursors and transforms them to amines by decarboxylation [13]. The localizations of D-cells were specified into 14 groups, from D1 (the spinal cord) to D14 (the bed nucleus of stria terminalis) in caudo-rostral orders of the rat central nervous system using AADC immunohistochemistry [14,15].…”

Section: D-neuronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are D-Neurons and Trace Amine-Associated Receptor, Type 1 Involved in Mesolimbic Dopamine Hyperactivity of Schizophrenia?

Ikemoto¹

2012

Med Chem

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Although dopamine (DA) dysfunction is a well-known hypothesis for etiology of schizophrenia, molecular basis of mesolimbic DA hyperactivity has not yet been clarified. To explain this, modulating function of trace amines on DA neurotransmission and the decreased number of striatal D-neurons, trace amine-producing neurons, were considered. Notably, Trace Amine-Associated Receptor, Type 1 (TAAR1), a subtype of trace amine receptors, has a large number of ligands, including tyramine, β-phenylethylamine and methamphetamine that influence on human mental state, and is now regarded as a target receptor for novel neuroleptics. Reduced stimulation of TAAR1 on DA neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been revealed to increase firing frequency of VTA DA neurons. The author and her colleagues reported the decrease of D-neurons in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia. This may imply the decrease of trace amine synthesis and consequent reduction of the stimulation of TAAR1 on terminals of midbrain VTA DA neurons, and may lead to mesolimbic DA hyperactivity in schizophrenia. The decrease of striatal D-neurons of postmortem brains of schizophrenia might be due to neural stem cell dysfunction in the subventricular zone of lateral ventricle. The new "D-cell hypothesis", in which D-neurons and TAAR1 are involved, may explain mesolimbic DA hyperactivity of schizophrenia.

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“…In rodents [13,16,17], a small number of D-cells in the striatum were rostrally described and confirmed to be neurons by electron-microscopic observation [13].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Namely, the D-cells contain AADC but not dopaminergic nor serotonergic [10]. D-cells produce trace amines [11,12], and may also act as an APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) system that takes up amine precursors and converts them to amines by decarboxylation [13]. The localizations of D-cells were specified into 14 groups, from D1 (the spinal cord) to D14 (the bed nucleus of stria terminalis), in caudo-rostral orders of the rat central nervous system, using AADC immunohistochemistry [14,15].…”

Section: D-neuronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why D-neuron? Importance in schizophrenia research

Ikemoto¹

2012

OJPsych

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Some neurons of the mouse cortex and caudoputamen contain aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase but not monoamines.

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Are D-Neurons and Trace Amine-Associated Receptor, Type 1 Involved in Mesolimbic Dopamine Hyperactivity of Schizophrenia?

Why D-neuron? Importance in schizophrenia research

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