Some New Features in the Reproductive Cytology of Angiosperms, Illustrated by Isomeris Arborea

Billings, Frederick H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1937.tb06918.x

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Schnarf (1936), but Chiarugi (1927) mentions vacuolization before this, as part of the 'Fase della mitosi somatogenica ', and Maheshwari (1937) states that two vacuoles are present before the megaspore nucleus divides. Among some seventeen accounts of embryo-sac development published in the Annals of Botany, the New Phytologist and the Botanical Gazette subsequent to Maheshwari's paper, I can find support for his statement in four only: Bushnell(1936), Billings (1937, Popham (1938), and Goldberg (1941), and Billings qualifies his statement. From the other thirteen papers no conclusions can be drawn on this point, and one can suppose only that there is doubt or variability in the process, or, alternatively, that interest has centred on the nuclear divisions to the exclusion of other observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Contributions to the Life History and Biology of Digitalis purpurea. I. The Development of the Ovule.

Berkeley¹

1946

Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany

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SUMMARY The young ovule of Digitalis purpurea has one integument four or five cells thick and a single‐layered nucellus enclosing a spore mother cell from which a linear tetrad of megaspores is formed. The chalazal megaspore enlarges while three sets of nuclear divisions are occurring, crushing the three other megaspores and the nucellus so that in later stages of development an epithelium, derived from the inner epidermis of the integument, is the immediate investment of the embryo sac. Antipodal cells are delimited before the cells of the egg apparatus. Prom measurements made of the various parts of the ovule it is deduced that, “until vacuolation starts in the primary embryo‐sac mother cell, the integument compresses the parts within it, but that this vacuolation results in a counter pressure by which the three aborting megaspores, the nucellus and the inner part of the integument around the micropyle are crushed, the outer part of the last possibly being distorted so that the total length of the ovule becomes less. The possibility is discussed that the surface of contact between the integument and the nucellus delays the passage of solutes from the integument inwards, except where they form a continuous tissue at the chalaza, thus creating in this region a priority of supply which enables the chalazal megaspore to succeed and the antipodal cells to develop precociously. This research was carried out with apparatus purchased with a grant from the Dixon Fund.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Contributions to the Life History and Biology of Digitalis purpurea. I. The Development of the Ovule.

Berkeley¹

1946

Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany

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“…In a somewhat questionable report. Billings (1937) claimed that the archespore of Isomeris arborea (Cleomaceae) develops into the megagametophyte directly without first passing through the MMC stage, undergoing meiosis, or producing megaspores. He thus proposed the lack of meiosis to be the normal condition for Isomeris.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orchids (Abe, 1972) are prime examples of plants which never form parietal cells. Examples of taxa that do form parietal cells include/5owm5flr6orea (Cleomaceae) (Schnarf, 1929;Billings, 1937), Typha (Asplund, 1972), Orn/f/?o/)M^ (Leguminosae) (Wojciechoswka, 1972), Ornithogalum gussonei {Zahinska, 1972), Brassica oleracea (Mackiewicz, 1973), Veratrum lobelianum (Liliaceae) (Sokolowska-Kulczycka, 1973), and Euphorbia geniculata (Bor and Kapil, 1975) among numerous others (Schnarf, 1929).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OVULE DEVELOPMENT IN ORNITHOGALUM CAUDATUM (LILIACEAE) WITH A REVIEW OF SELECTED PAPERS ON ANGIOSPERM REPRODUCTION

Tilton

1981

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYArchesporial cell differentiation begins when ovules are four or five cells long. One parietal cell separates the archespore and nucellar epidermis. The parietal cell divides once anticlinally and its daughter cells divide once or twice periclinally resulting in four or six parietal cells. Archespore cytoplasm contains numerous small vacuoles and numerous circular, rod-shaped bodies which stain for protein. RNA content is high. Archesporial cells increase two-or threefold in size and produce a megaspore mother cell which is circular in cross-section and elliptical in longisection. Vacuoles seem to shrink slightly during the archespore/megaspore mother cell transition. Meiosis produces four megaspores separated from each other and from the nucellus by walls which stain intensely with basic fuchsin but do not fluoresce with Aniline blue. The chalazalmost megaspore typically becomes the functional megaspore while the others degenerate. Carbohydrates accumulate in the functional megaspore during the meiotic/mitotic interphase, and by metaphase, organelles, including amyloplasts, are in a perinuclear arrangement.

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“…) for a review of 19th Century papers on melosis and cell division, and see Bennett (1973), Bennett et al (1973a,b), and Bennett and Stern (1975a,b) for a more recent discussion of female melosis.In a somewhat questionable report Billings (1937). claimed that the archespore of Isomerls arborea develops directly into the megagametophyte without first producing megaspores, except for one case in which he did observe megaspores.…”

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confidence: 97%

A developmental and histochemical study of the female reproductive system in Ornithogalum caudatum Ait. using light and electron microscopy

Tilton

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Some New Features in the Reproductive Cytology of Angiosperms, Illustrated by Isomeris Arborea

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Contributions to the Life History and Biology of Digitalis purpurea. I. The Development of the Ovule.

Contributions to the Life History and Biology of Digitalis purpurea. I. The Development of the Ovule.

OVULE DEVELOPMENT IN ORNITHOGALUM CAUDATUM (LILIACEAE) WITH A REVIEW OF SELECTED PAPERS ON ANGIOSPERM REPRODUCTION

A developmental and histochemical study of the female reproductive system in Ornithogalum caudatum Ait. using light and electron microscopy

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