Some Novel Aspects of the Pyrometallurgy and Vapometallurgy of Nickel

Queneau, Paul E.; O’Neill, C. E.; Illis, A.; Warner, J. S.

doi:10.1007/bf03378898

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The solubility of oxygen in molten nickel sulfide is thought to be not so high though no precise data are available (1). An unstable mass change observed in the initial stage of oxidation at po2=10 kPa will be discussed later.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the direct conversion of molten nickel sulfide to metallic nickel at higher temperature has been already commercially operated (1 0.40, while that of cobalt sulfide was 0.400, 0.430 and 0.446. These compositions of the sulfides were chosen so that the sulfur pressure over the sulfide melt at 1473 K was low and the amount of sulfur evaporated during the heating of the sample to the experimental temperature of 1473 K in Ar gas stream could be neglected.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oxidation of Molten Nickel and Cobalt Sulfides

et al. 1988

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An amount of 100mg of nickel or cobalt sulfide was put in a slender alumina tube of 3mm ID and 25mm length and oxidized at 1473 K in a mixed O2-Ar gas stream. Sulfur atomic fraction, xs, was 0.30 to 0.40 for nickel sulfide and 0.400 to 0.446 for cobalt sulfide. When the xs was lower, the NiO or CoO layer was formed on the melt surface without the evolution of SO2 gas and the growth rate of the oxide layer was controlled initially by gas diffusion and subsequently by cation diffusion through the oxide layer. When the xs was higher, the desulfurization took place which resulted in lowering of sulfur potential of the melt. When the pso2 in equilibrium with the melt and the oxide becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure, the formation of oxide starts to occur. The xs-value at the transition from desulfurization to the oxide formation was 0.30 to 0.33 for nickel sulfide and 0.41 to 0.43 for cobalt sulfide.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Molten Nickel and Cobalt Sulfides

et al. 1988

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“…The technology evolution then progressed innovatively to permit the first non-ferrous application of top blown rotary converters (TBRC) to blowing PGM-containing nickel feeds directly to metal, as developed and commercialised by secondary producers (Copper Cliff -Table 3) (Queneau et al 1969;Thoburn and Tyroler 1979). This development was subsequently adopted especially when converting smaller volume PGM-bearing feeds, by smaller primary producers (first at Crocodile River, South Africa and then at Stillwater, USA -Table 2) (Roset et al 1992).…”

Section: Introduction To Pgm Convertingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converter processing of platinum group metals

Nelson

Georgalli

Hines

et al. 2018

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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The history and variety of commercial Platinum Group Metal (PGM) matte converting processes are explored. Aspects unique to pneumatic converting of high iron, lower grade mattes (typically up to 30% NiCuCo), often containing chrome (0.5-2% Cr 2 O 3 ), to PGM-enriched (1500-25000 g/t PGM) converter mattes, to endpoints specific to promote downstream refining to final metal are described. The range of converter vessels, involving batch, to staged, to continuous converting processes are presented, along with some of the operating requirements and challenges.

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“…Most of the recovered Ni 3 S 2 is further treated by the hydrometallurgical processes to make nickel, while the rest by the pyrometallurgical processes. To convert Ni 3 S 2 to liquid nickel, INCO 1) developed a process in which oxygen is injected in a top blown rotary converter (TBRC) for providing the conditions of high temperatures around 1923 K and efficient gas-liquid mixing required for conversion to nickel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Equilibrium between Ni-S Melt and FeOX-SiO2 or FeOX-CaO Based Slag under Controlled Partial Pressures

2002

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To provide thermodynamic data for converting the nickel matte to liquid nickel, an experimental study was conducted in the phase equilibrium between the Ni-S alloy and the FeO X -SiO 2 or FeO X -CaO based slag in a magnesia crucible at 1773 K under controlled p SO 2 of 10.1 kPa and p O 2 in a range between 5.1 × 10 −3 and 1.6 Pa by using CO-CO 2 -SO 2 gas mixtures. The solubility of nickel in these slags at p O 2 of 1.6 Pa, above which precipitation of a FeO X -NiO solid solution was anticipated, was found to be 10.1 and 20.3 mass% for the FeO X -SiO 2 and FeO X -CaO based slags, respectively. The contents of iron, sulfur and oxygen in the nickel melt equilibrated with these slags were 2, 3 and 0.5 mass% for the FeO X -SiO 2 based slag and 1, 3 and 0.5 mass% for the FeO X -CaO based slag, respectively. The dissolutions of nickel and sulfur in the slags were discussed on the basis of distribution ratio and sulfide capacity, respectively.

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Some Novel Aspects of the Pyrometallurgy and Vapometallurgy of Nickel

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Oxidation of Molten Nickel and Cobalt Sulfides

Oxidation of Molten Nickel and Cobalt Sulfides

Converter processing of platinum group metals

Phase Equilibrium between Ni-S Melt and FeO<SUB>X</SUB>-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> or FeO<SUB>X</SUB>-CaO Based Slag under Controlled Partial Pressures

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