“…Allan R. Wagner received his PhD in 1959 from the University of Iowa working under the tutelage of Kenneth Spence. As he noted in a 2008 remembrance, Wagner in many ways modeled his own approach to learning theory after that of Spence, taking a pragmatic stance that judged theoretical ideas on whether they were useful rather than on where they came from (Wagner, 2008b). And, like the Spence he described, Wagner was notable as a theorist, a methodologist, and a teacher.…”