Some Observations on the Dependence of Zooplankton Grazing on the Cell Size and Concentration of Phytoplankton Blooms

Parsons, Timothy R.; LeBrasseur, R. J.; Fulton, J. D.

doi:10.5928/kaiyou1942.23.10

Cited by 200 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…The energetic benefits of preferential feeding on large prey by fish have been demonstrated theoretically by Kerr (1971) and are supported by laboratory and field evidence. Parsons & LeBrasseur (1970), for example, have shown that juvenile pink salmon (90 mm) were able to satisfy their metabolic requirements when feeding on the relatively large copepod Calanus plumchrus, but that they would undoubtedly starve if they were fed solely on a smaller species Pseudocalanus rninutus, even at much higher concentrations in terms of prey biomass. The benefits of larger prey size have been observed by Kerr & Martin (1970) to counteract the introduction of an intermediate carnivore in a lake ecosystem without affecting the yield of the top carnivore.…”

Section: Generalized Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems has long been recognized as an important consideration in assessing the ultimate yield of the oceans in terms of fisheries (Steele, 1965;Ryther, 1969;Parsons & LeBrasseur, 1970). Trophic structures of plankton communities in areas of high and low fish yields have been characterized as fundamentally different, based on the position of fish relative to the source of primary production in a linearized food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

Landry

1977

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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The physical environment has an important influence on the size composition of primary producers in plankton communities. This effect is transmitted through the trophic structure by size selective feeding processes at each level. A pictorial representation of trophic organization in pelagic ecosystems is presented which illustrates the complex involvement of individual species in the food web and the dynamic nature of ecosystem development along alternate pathways.

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Section: Generalized Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

Landry

1977

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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“…Feeding experiments with unialgal cultures under laboratory conditions give zero (Frost 1972) or very low values (Frost 1975, Deason 1980, Kiarboe et al 1985a). However, studies in which the copepod were fed a natural assemblage of particulate matter indicate that feeding halts at threshold concentrations significantly greater than zero (Adams & Steele 1966, Parsons et al 1967, Reeve & Walter 1977. A lower feeding thresh-'Addressee for reprint requests old has been included in models of phytoplanktonherbivore interactions (Steele 1974) because it provides the phytoplankton with a refuge in low density so that they cannot be grazed to extinction (Steele & Mullin 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on lower feeding thresholds, gut evacuation rate, and diel feeding behavior in the copepod Acartia hudsonica

Wlodarczyk¹,

Durbin²,

Durbin³

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Adult females of the marine copepod Acartia hudsonica Pinhey were fed the unicellular diatom Thalassiosira constricta (10.4 pm equivalent spherical diameter) at 4, 8, 12, and 16 "C, to determine whether there was a threshold food concentration below which feeding ceased or was sharply reduced. Field-collected copepods were acclimated for 24 h at 2000 cells ml-' T. constricta, and then transferred to a range of low food concentrations (15 to 876 cells ml-l). Gut pigments were determined fluonmetrically after a 5 h period of feeding, which was calculated to be sufficient for gut contents to equil~brate to the new food concentration. Experiments were carried out during the same phase of the diel cycle (05:OO to 10:OO h) and were terminated near midday, a time when feeding rate was relatively stable, in order to standardize the effects of the die1 feeding rhythm. Lower feeding thresholds of 280, 127, 282, and 214 cells ml-' respectively at 4, 8, 12, and 16 "C were indicated by segmented linear regression analysis of the relationship between gut pigments and phytoplankton concentration. These thresholds corresponded to carbon concentrations of 30.5, 11.6, 20.7, and 16.4 pg C 1-l, and were not significantly different at the 4 temperatures. Die1 changes in gut pigment content were measured at 8 and 12 "C, at a T. constricta concentration of 2000 cells ml-l. Highest gut contents occurred at night, and were ca 4-fold higher than the lowest measured gut contents. Total daily ingestion rates were respectively l l 460 and 14 430 cells d-l, or 1.34 and 2.40 ~g C and 0.24 and 0.42 pg N d-l, and 33.4 and 56 5 % body C and 23.3 and 38.5 % body N d-l. The instantaneous gut evacuation rates were also determined at the 4 temperatures, with mean values of 0.0239, 0.0494, 0.0518, and 0.0645 min-' respectively at 4, 8, 12, and 16 "C, yielding a Q," of 1.88.

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“…Unfortunately, relating size spectra to conventional measures of primary production is difficult and only a few attempts have been made to consider the biological meaning of the size of particles (Parsons 1969;Sheldon et al 1972;Valkenberg et al 1978;Malone and Chervin 1979 kinds of living and nonliving material (Riley 1970) and each kind will have different nutritional potentials and will vary differently in space and time. A population of grazers will therefore face seasonal and cyclic variations of phytoplankton size fractions and biomass, which will have different residence times in the surface layers (Malone and Chervin 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An appreciation of the significance of the size of marine particulate matter has been important in defining in situ feeding characteristics of "herbivorous zooplankton" (Parsons et al 1967;Poulet 1973Poulet , 1974Richman et al 1977;Conover and Huntley 1980;Chervin et al 198 1). Unfortunately, relating size spectra to conventional measures of primary production is difficult and only a few attempts have been made to consider the biological meaning of the size of particles (Parsons 1969;Sheldon et al 1972;Valkenberg et al 1978;Malone and Chervin 1979 kinds of living and nonliving material (Riley 1970) and each kind will have different nutritional potentials and will vary differently in space and time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns of seston characteristics in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, relative to zooplankton feeding: A multivariate approach1

Mayzaud

Taguchi

Laval

1984

Limnology & Oceanography

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Seasonal changes of the characteristics of the particulate organic matter from Bedford Basin were studied at four different depths during 15 months. The data (particle counts in Coulter Counter channels, counts of taxonomic categories, and chemical measurements) are best analyzed as multivariate parameters. Principal component analyses show for each depth the groups of channels responsible for the maximum variability; taxqnomic categories and chemical measurements projected onto the graphs as "supplementary" items reveal their potential associations with some channels. Correspondence analysis allows a dual analysis of the size spectra and the sampling dates. In the surface waters, size spectra are influenced by biological productivity, whereas at depth the analyses mostly specify the type of sedimenting material. Regardless of depth, the size spectral diversity is associated with particles ranging from 8 to 25.4 pm. They are responsible for most spring production and some summer and fall production. Several multivariate associations are found (e.g. between flagellates and particles in the 8.0-12.7-ym size range, diatoms and particles in the 16.0-25.4-pm size range, dinoflagellates and particles in the 40.3-50.8pm size range). Size heterogeneity at depth is related to pulses of sedimenting small and medium size particles, although the particulate standing stock at 30 m consists of large detrital material. The association between microzooplankton and nanoplankton observed at 2.5 and 5 m illustrates a trophic relationship. The grazing pressure by the large population of ciliates limits the growth of small cells, and their distribution, to the surface layer. A summer maximum of ATP without associated chlorophyll is probably related to such feeding activity and to the high growth rate and short division time of protozoans.

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Some Observations on the Dependence of Zooplankton Grazing on the Cell Size and Concentration of Phytoplankton Blooms

Abstract: The amount and

Cited by 200 publications

References 4 publications

A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems

Effect of temperature on lower feeding thresholds, gut evacuation rate, and diel feeding behavior in the copepod Acartia hudsonica

Seasonal patterns of seston characteristics in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, relative to zooplankton feeding: A multivariate approach1

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