Some Observations on the Influence of Vitamin D Metabolites When Added to the Diet of Commercial Laying Hens

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to study the influence of two vitamin D3 metabolites on the performance of commercial laying hens. In Experiment 1, adding of .75, 1.50, 3.00, and 4.50 micrograms of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3) or of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] per kg to the diet containing 2,200 ICU of vitamin D3 from 55 micrograms of cholecalciferol per kg of diet resulted in increased plasma calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The response was greater from the 1,25-(OH)2D3 metabolite than from the 1 alpha-OHD3 metabolite. Neither metabolite affected tibia breaking strength (TBS), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion, eggshell quality (ESQ), fertility, or the hatchability of eggs or the tibia ash (TA) of the day-old chick. In Experiment 2, the EP, EW, FC, ESQ and TA of the hens were not affected when 1.5 micrograms of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were added to each kilogram of a corn-soybean meal diet containing either .38 or .43% P with adequate vitamin D3. Adding the 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolite to the low-P diet reduced plasma Ca and increased TBS. However, adding 1,25-(OH)2D3 to the high-P diet increased plasma Ca and P. In Experiment 3, the EP, ESQ, FC, and TA of the hens were significantly lower when the diet contained 2.04% Ca rather than 3.04% Ca. Plasma Ca and P, EW, or TBS were not affected by the dietary Ca. Neither the plasma Ca and P, EP, EW, ESQ nor the TBS and TA were influenced by adding the 1,25-(OH)2D3 metabolite to either diet.

Activity of Gallium on Prevention of Fatal Cage-Layer Osteoporosis

“…This can harm the bone condition of significant numbers of hens in a flock. Inadequate dietary minerals leads to reduced bone mineral content and increased bone fragility in laying birds [3][4][5]. These changes can develop quickly if the dietary mineral deficiency occurs when the hen has a high metabolic need for the element [6][7][8].…”

Biochemical Mechanism of Gallium on Prevention of Fatal Cage-Layer Osteoporosis

“…Inadequate dietary minerals leads to reduced bone mineral content and increased bone fragility in laying birds [8][9][10]. These changes can develop quickly if the dietary mineral deficiency occurs when the hen has a high metabolic need for the element [11][12][13].…”