Some physical properties of crosslinked gelatin–maltodextrin hydrogels

Nickerson, Michael T.; Paulson, Allan T.; Wagar, E.; Farnworth, R.; Hodge, S. M.; Rousseau, Dérick

doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2005.12.003

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The mechanical strength of gelatin hydrogel is improved by chemical cross-linking with aldehydes. 56 Choudhury et al 93 have reported the use of a hydrogel electrolyte comprising aqueous gelatin cross-linked with glutaraldehyde in ECs. The effect of variation in concentration of NaCl dopant on specific capacitance has been followed using cyclic voltammetry.…”

Section: Gelatin Hydrogel Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Choudhury

Sampath

Shukla

2009

Energy Environ. Sci.

379

260

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Electrochemical capacitors are electrochemical devices with fast and highly reversible charge-storage and discharge capabilities. The devices are attractive for energy storage particularly in applications involving high-power requirements. Electrochemical capacitors employ two electrodes and an aqueous or a non-aqueous electrolyte, either in liquid or solid form; the latter provides the advantages of compactness, reliability, freedom from leakage of any liquid component and a large operating potential-window. One of the classes of solid electrolytes used in capacitors is polymer-based and they generally consist of dry solid-polymer electrolytes or gel-polymer electrolyte or composite-polymer electrolytes. Dry solid-polymer electrolytes suffer from poor ionic-conductivity values, between 10 À8 and 10 À7 S cm À1 under ambient conditions, but are safer than gel-polymer electrolytes that exhibit high conductivity of ca. 10 À3 S cm À1 under ambient conditions. The aforesaid polymer-based electrolytes have the advantages of a wide potential window of ca. 4 V and hence can provide high energy-density. Gel-polymer electrolytes are generally prepared using organic solvents that are environmentally malignant. Hence, replacement of organic solvents with water in gel-polymer electrolytes is desirable which also minimizes the device cost substantially. The water containing gel-polymer electrolytes, called hydrogel-polymer electrolytes, are, however, limited by a low operating potential-window of only about 1.23 V. This article reviews salient features of electrochemical capacitors employing hydrogel-polymer electrolytes.

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Section: Gelatin Hydrogel Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Choudhury

Sampath

Shukla

2009

Energy Environ. Sci.

379

260

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“…It remains advantageous as a delivery matrix due to its biocompatibility and ability to form thermally reversible networks, which melt above 35°C depending on the gelatin concentration used [12]. In contrast, GA is an anionic arabinogalactan polysaccharide-protein complex comprised of three fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrapment of Flaxseed Oil Within Gelatin‐Gum Arabic Capsules

Liu

Low

Nickerson

2010

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

130

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The aim of this study was to optimize the encapsulation of flaxseed oil within a gelatin-gum Arabic (GA) matrix via complex coacervation. The effect of homogenization rates (3,000-15,000 rpm) and total biopolymer concentrations (1-2% w/v) on emulsion efficiency was studied in order to optimize the wall matrix. The physicochemical properties of the dried powder, and the capsule's ability to inhibit oxidation during storage were assessed. As homogenization rates increased from 3,000 to 9,000 rpm, the structure of the capsule transitioned from a spherical mononuclear-type to irregular-shaped multinuclear capsules. The size of the capsules and amount of non-encapsulated oil was found to increase as the total biopolymer concentration was raised from 1 to 2% (w/v). Subsequently, gelatin-GA capsules were produced with a 1:1 core-to-wall ratio at a total biopolymer concentration of 2% (w/v) and at a homogenization rate of 9,000 rpm. Formed capsules had an encapsulation efficiency of 84% and showed a protective effect against the production of primary and secondary oxidative products versus nonencapsulated oil during 25 days of room temperature storage.

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“…40 Research in the field of biomaterials has led to advances in hydrogel science and technology, supporting a wide spectrum of applications in biomedicine, tissue engineering, agriculture, aquaculture, infant care, and nanotechnology. 40 KCl-doped, agar-based physical hydrogel electrolytes have long been employed in salt bridges for electrochemical experiments. Although the effect of indifferent electrolytes on the rate of gelation of gelatin by dextran dialdehyde has been reported in the literature, 41 an elaborate study as electrolyte of a biopolymer-based cross-linked hydrogel and its applicability in electrochemistry is still lacking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelatin Hydrogel Electrolytes and Their Application to Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Choudhury¹,

Sampath

Shukla

2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Gelatin hydrogel electrolytes ͑GHEs͒ with varying NaCl concentrations have been prepared by cross-linking an aqueous solution of gelatin with aqueous glutaraldehyde and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic chronopotentiometry. Glass transition temperatures for GHEs range between 339.6 and 376.9 K depending on the dopant concentration. Ionic conductivity behavior of GHEs was studied with varying concentrations of gelatin, glutaraldehyde, and NaCl, and found to vary between 10 −3 and 10 −1 S cm −1 . GHEs have a potential window of about 1 V. Undoped and 0.25 N NaCl-doped GHEs follow Arrhenius equations with activation energy values of 1.94 and 1.88 ϫ 10 −4 eV, respectively. Electrochemical supercapacitors ͑ESs͒ employing these GHEs in conjunction with Black Pearl Carbon electrodes are assembled and studied. Optimal values for capacitance, phase angle, and relaxation time constant of 81 F g −1 , 75°, and 0.03 s are obtained for 3 N NaCl-doped GHE, respectively. ES with pristine GHE exhibits a cycle life of 4.3 h vs 4.7 h for the ES with 3 N NaCl-doped GHE. Polymer electrolytes are widely studied materials with applications in electrochemical devices. Although the ionic conductivity behavior of solid polymer electrolytes, such as polyethylene oxidesalt complexes, was reported as early as in 1973 by Wright, the potential of these materials as a new class of solid electrolytes for energy storage applications was envisaged by Armand in 1978. [1][2][3][4] Solid polymer electrolytes exhibit ionic conductivity between 10 −8 and 10 −7 S cm −1 that is too low to be significant for devices. Accordingly, efforts have been expended to enhance the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes.1,2 One such approach involves addition of plasticizer, a low-molecular-weight polar solvent, such as ethylene carbonate, to a polymer-salt system to realize polymer gel electrolyte ͑PGE͒.5-8 These PGEs are solid, have good adhesive properties, and exhibit high ionic conductivity of about 10 −3 S cm −1 at ambient temperatures. Although such nonaqueous PGEs have a wider potential window of about 4 V as compared to about 1 V for their aqueous counterpart, preparation and handling of the former require a moisture-free environment that is both involved and costintensive. Besides, organic solvents used as plasticizers with nonaqueous PGEs are environmentally toxic. 5Electrochemical supercapacitors ͑ESs͒ are electrochemical power systems with highly reversible charge-storage and delivery capabilities. ESs have properties complementary to secondary batteries and find usage in hybrid energy systems for electric vehicles, heavy-load starting assist for diesel locomotives, utility load leveling, and military and medical applications.9,10 Depending on the charge-storage mechanism, an ES is classified as an electrical double-layer capacitor ͑EDLC͒ or a pseudocapacitor. Higher energy density of EDLCs, as compared to dielectric capacit...

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Some physical properties of crosslinked gelatin–maltodextrin hydrogels

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Entrapment of Flaxseed Oil Within Gelatin‐Gum Arabic Capsules

Gelatin Hydrogel Electrolytes and Their Application to Electrochemical Supercapacitors

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