Some possible rules governing the syntheses and characteristics of nanotubes, particularly carbon nanotubes

Can We Optimize Arc Discharge and Laser Ablation for Well-Controlled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis?

“…A clear illustration for a quick and comprehensive understanding of various CNT growth mechanisms is shown in Additional file 1: Figure S1. It displays many routes such as (i) screw-dislocation-like (SDL) model [61]; (ii) weaving a rug model [62]; (iii) growing CNT as metal particle deformation and C-metal interface [63]; (iv) MWCNT nucleation and growth [63]; (v) SWCNT nucleation and growth [63]; (vi) carbide phase of SWCNT growth inside MWCNT as hybrid [64]; (vii) highly plausible growth scenario for the formation of SWCNT and MWCNT catalyzed by metal particles [64]; (viii) formation of hexagonal and pentagonal rings through metal–carbon interactions [65]; (ix) vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism of SWCNT [66]; (x) solid–liquid–solid (SLS) mechanism of SWCNT nucleation and growth [67]; (xi) nucleation mechanism of a SWCNT from a metal cluster [66]; (xii) effect of carbon insertion rate on the growth process [66]; (xiii) cyclodehydrogenation of the SWCNT end-cap precursor molecules and the subsequent growth of the CNT [68]; (xiv) mode of carbon diffusion [69]; (xv) hill, nanocavity, and shell of thickness of root growth model [70]; (xvi) mode of actions of SWCNT growth on a metal catalyst [71]; (xvii) SWCNT growth and chirality selection induced by single C atom and C 2 dimer addition under catalyst-free conditions [72]; (xviii) vapor–solid–solid (VSS) [73]; (xix) cycloparaphenylenes as templates for rapid CNT formation [74, 75]; (xx) diffusion of coming carbon species on nanoparticles [76]; (xxi) growth mechanism of the aligned carbon nanotubes [77]; and (xxii) wire-to-tube model in catalyst-free CVD method [78]. …”

“…Recently, Mohammad [70] attempted nine grassroots rules governing CNT growth mechanisms. The author used theoretical models with experimental evidences for exploring, especially, the VACNT of narrow chirality distributions.…”