Some potential sources for transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to broiler chickens

Ramabu, Solomon S.; Boxall, Naomi; Madié, P.; Fenwick, Stan

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01573.x

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Farm staff handling of other neighboring livestock, especially poultry, increases the risk of Campylobacter-positive flocks, and both the number of staff members looking after the house and the number of visits they undertake per day are directly related to that risk (41,68). Campylobacters have been isolated from the clothes, hands, and boots of farm staff, managers, catchers, and lorry drivers (38,66), and molecular epidemiology provides evidence that these strains are often subsequently associated with flock colonization (38,46,71,72). It seems likely, therefore, that people entering the poultry house can track in campylobacters from the external environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Newell

Elvers

Döpfer

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

218

200

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The prevention and control of Campylobacter colonization of poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. A critical review of the literature on interventions to control Campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. Although the focus of the review was on aspects appropriate to the United Kingdom poultry industry, the research reviewed was gathered from worldwide literature. Multiple electronic databases were employed to search the literature, in any language, from 1980 to September 2008. A primary set of 4,316 references was identified and scanned, using specific agreed-upon criteria, to select relevant references related to biosecurity-based interventions. The final library comprised 173 references. Identification of the sources of Campylobacter in poultry flocks was required to inform the development of targeted interventions to disrupt transmission routes. The approach used generally involved risk factor-based surveys related to culture-positive or -negative flocks, usually combined with a structured questionnaire. In addition, some studies, either in combination or independently, undertook intervention trials. Many of these studies were compromised by poor design, sampling, and statistical analysis. The evidence for each potential source and route of transmission on the poultry farm was reviewed critically, and the options for intervention were considered. The review concluded that, in most instances, biosecurity on conventional broiler farms can be enhanced and this should contribute to the reduction of flock colonization. However, complementary, non-biosecurity-based approaches will also be required in the future to maximize the reduction of Campylobacter-positive flocks at the farm level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Newell

Elvers

Döpfer

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

218

200

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“…Personnel and farm equipment such as trucks, forklifts, pallets, crates, and footwear have also been identified as potential sources of C. jejuni infection of broilers (Ramabu et al 2004). Farm vehicles are often contaminated with 92 HERMANS ET AL.…”

Section: Sources For Horizontal Campylobacter Transmission To Broilermentioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry as a Host for the Zoonotic PathogenCampylobacter jejuni

Hermans

Pasmans²,

Messens³

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

223

157

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Campylobacteriosis is the most reported foodborne gastroenteritic disease and poses a serious health burden in industrialized countries. Disease in humans is mainly caused by the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Due to its wide-spread occurrence in the environment, the epidemiology of Campylobacter remains poorly understood. It is generally accepted, however, that chickens are a natural host for Campylobacter jejuni, and for Campylobacter spp. in general, and that colonized broiler chicks are the primary vector for transmitting this pathogen to humans. Several potential sources and vectors for transmitting C. jejuni to broiler flocks have been identified. Initially, one or a few broilers can become colonized at an age of > 2 weeks until the end of rearing, after which the infection will rapidly spread throughout the entire flock. Such a flock is generally colonized until slaughter and infected birds carry a very high C. jejuni load in their gastrointestinal tract, especially the ceca. This eventually results in contaminated carcasses during processing, which can transmit this pathogen to humans. Recent genetic typing studies showed that chicken isolates can frequently be linked to human clinical cases of Campylobacter enteritis. However, despite the increasing evidence that the chicken reservoir is the number one risk factor for disease in humans, no effective strategy exists to reduce Campylobachter prevalence in poultry flocks, which can in part be explained by the incomplete understanding of the epidemiology of C. jejuni in broiler flocks. As a result, the number of human campylobacteriosis cases associated with the chicken vector remains strikingly high.

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“…Transport cages are known to become highly contaminated with feces and bacteria during the process of transport [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Ramabu et al [14], in a study of Campylobacter contamination within the broiler poultry production environment, found that after transport, poultry crates were contaminated at a rate of 75%, while 47% of truck beds were also contaminated. This phenomenon has been associated with the contamination of flocks as they enter the processing plant [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Food animal transport: A potential source of community exposures to health hazards from industrial farming (CAFOs)

Rule

Evans

Silbergeld

2008

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Use of antimicrobial feed additives in food animal production is associated with selection for drug resistance in bacterial pathogens, which can then be released into the environment through occupational exposures, high volume ventilation of animal houses, and land application of animal wastes. We tested the hypothesis that current methods of transporting food animals from farms to slaughterhouses may result in pathogen releases and potential exposures of persons in vehicles traveling on the same road. Air and surface samples were taken from cars driving behind poultry trucks for 17 miles. Air conditioners and fans were turned off and windows fully opened. Background and blank samples were used for quality control. Samples were analyzed for susceptible and drug-resistant strains. Results indicate an increase in the number of total aerobic bacteria including both susceptible and drug-resistant enterococci isolated from air and surface samples, and suggest that food animal transport in open crates introduces a novel route of exposure to harmful microorganisms and may disseminate these pathogens into the general environment. These findings support the need for further exposure characterization, and attention to improving methods of food animal transport, especially in highly trafficked regions of high density farming such as the Delmarva Peninsula.

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Some potential sources for transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to broiler chickens

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Poultry as a Host for the Zoonotic PathogenCampylobacter jejuni

Food animal transport: A potential source of community exposures to health hazards from industrial farming (CAFOs)

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