Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

Entwisle, Doris R.; Astone, Nan Marie

doi:10.2307/1131278

Cited by 397 publications

(303 citation statements)

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“…These observations are consistent with a multidimensional construct of SES that is widely accepted among social scientists and social epidemiologists. 9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Despite prevailing social science theory and substantial epidemiologic evidence that SES is multidimensional, however, the health literature is replete with studies, including studies of racial/ethnic disparities, that claim to have examined SES when they have used only a single or inadequate measure(s).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring socioeconomic status/position in studies of racial/ethnic disparities: Maternal and infant health

Braveman¹,

Cubbin²,

Marchi³

et al. 2001

Public Health Reports

139

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SYNOPSISObjective. Theoretical and empiric considerations raise concerns about how socioeconomic status/position (abbreviated here as SES) is often measured in health research. The authors aimed to guide the use of two common socioeconomic indicators, education and income, in studies of racial/ethnic disparities in low birthweight, delayed prenatal care, unintended pregnancy, and breastfeeding intention.Methods. Data from a statewide postpartum survey in California (N = 10,055) were linked to birth certificates. Overall and by race/ethnicity, the authors examined: (a) correlations among several measures of education and income; (b) associations between each SES measure and health indicator; and (c ) racial/ ethnic disparities in the health indicators "adjusting" for different SES measures.Results. Education-income correlations were moderate and varied by race/ ethnicity. Racial/ethnic associations with the health indicators varied by SES measure, how SES was specified, and by health indicator.Conclusions. Conclusions about the role of race/ethnicity could vary with how SES is measured. Education is not an acceptable proxy for income in studies of ethnically diverse populations of childbearing women. SES measures generally should be outcome-and population-specific, and chosen on explicit conceptual grounds; researchers should test multiple theoretically appropriate measures and consider how conclusions might vary with how SES is measured. Researchers should recognize the difficulty of measuring SES and interpret findings accordingly.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring socioeconomic status/position in studies of racial/ethnic disparities: Maternal and infant health

Braveman¹,

Cubbin²,

Marchi³

et al. 2001

Public Health Reports

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, most previous studies have been conducted in developed countries where the definition of home environment differs from that in developing countries and, second, from the measures used in this study. We know that in developed countries the home environment is measured by structural and status indexes such as parental education, occupation, income, size of family, type of dwelling, and processes within a child's environment (Caldwell & Bradley 1984;Coons et al, 1982;Entwisle & Astone, 1994;Iverson & Walberg, 1982;Mishra 1989). Measures of the home environment in developing countries have also included quality of housing and type and source of facilities such as water, light and fuel (Aria & de Vos, 1996;Arimah, 1992;Fiadzo et al, 2001;Kanyongo et al, 2006;Ngorosho, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the home environment in phonological awareness and reading and writing ability in Tanzanian primary schoolchildren

Ngorosho¹,

Lahtinen²

2010

Education Inquiry

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“…The social and/or environmental characteristics of families [32][33][34][35] become increasingly important as the child matures. Assessment of socioeconomic status (SES) in an individual or family unit is an indirect rather than direct measure of the social environment of the family.…”

Section: Family/environmental Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inclusion of income level or percent of poverty level provides better discrimination among families. 34 Composite scores that combine several SES indicators and a standardized assessment of the home environment (Caldwell's HOME scale 38 ) have been used to overcome some of these limitations. The HOME scale is highly predictive of school performance but is generally too expensive for standard use.…”

Section: Family/environmental Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HOME scale is highly predictive of school performance but is generally too expensive for standard use. 39 Attempts to define a question or set of questions that capture family-life characteristics, eg, monthly rent or mortgage, 34 as recommended by the World Health Organization for the developing world, have been less successful in the United States, because many of the questions are subject to non-SES influences. Overall, the Hollingshead Scale is a solid measure and remains a powerful predictor of outcome.…”

Section: Family/environmental Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Follow-up Care of High-Risk Infants

2004

Pediatrics

116

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There are currently no standardized guidelines for provision of follow-up services for high-risk infants in tertiary care centers despite the requirement for follow-up clinic experience in the 97 approved neonatal fellowship training programs in the United States and the increasing number of centers participating in multicenter networks. As the total number of survivors at risk for neurodevelopmental morbidities increases, many clinical research questions have surfaced that can only be answered by long-term follow-up studies. There is increasing awareness of the importance of long-term outcome in randomized, controlled trials, because perinatal interventions may dramatically alter later growth and development. There is also an increased recognition of the potential disconnect between perinatal outcomes and long-term outcomes. The administration of oxygen and postnatal steroids are prime examples of interventions that may have immediate positive effects but negative long-term effects. In addition, multicenter studies have identified significant center differences in the management and developmental outcome of high-risk infants. These findings led to the recognition of the need to improve standardization and comparability of methodology and data collection within and among centers and networks as a first step toward research to improve the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of high-risk infants. The workshop participants met to define optimal methods to assess the outcome of high-risk infants, identify gaps in knowledge about the neurodevelopmental outcome of high-risk infants, and prioritize research efforts in response to these gaps.

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Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

Cited by 397 publications

References 4 publications

Measuring socioeconomic status/position in studies of racial/ethnic disparities: Maternal and infant health

Measuring socioeconomic status/position in studies of racial/ethnic disparities: Maternal and infant health

The role of the home environment in phonological awareness and reading and writing ability in Tanzanian primary schoolchildren

Follow-up Care of High-Risk Infants

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