Some Properties of Polyacrylamide Gels

Richards, E. G.; Temple, Carroll

doi:10.1038/physci230092a0

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The resulting reduction in the value of K eq implies that at high concentrations of crosslinker, water protons are less likely to penetrate the crosslinker region. This observation is in general agreement with the cluster concept introduced by Richards and Temple (26) and previously published experimental data by Cohen et al (3). Since the crosslinker is known to be more hydrophobic than acrylamide, at high concentrations it will form hydrophobic clusters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The proposed model for the gel medium consisted of a three-phase system including the bulk water, the uncrosslinked acrylamide fibers, and the crosslinker phases. This model follows the cluster concept introduced by Richards and Temple (26). The effects of the crosslinker concentration were accounted for by introducing the proton partition coefficient, K eq , between the crosslinker and bulk water phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). This model is based upon previously published experimental and theoretical results (3,5,26) that indicate that the crosslinker can form a separate, less water-soluble phase.…”

Section: Derivation Of Magnetization Recovery Equations For Proton Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also assumed here, based upon the previous analysis of the diffusion data, that the equilibrium partition coefficient of protons between the crosslinker and the water phase, K eq , is small (K eq Ӷ 1). Equation [26] then reduces to…”

Section: Spin-lattice Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Eq. [26], ⑀ ␣ and ⑀ ␤ are the volume fractions of the ␣ and ␤ phases (⑀ ␣ ϭ V ␣ /V T , ⑀ ␤ ϭ V ␤ /V T ), and k ␤ or (T l␤ ) Ϫ1 is the relaxation rate constant in the crosslinker phase. In deriving Eq.…”

Section: Volume Averaging In V T and The One-equation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proton Diffusion andT1Relaxation in Polyacrylamide Gels: A Unified Approach Using Volume Averaging

Penke

Kinsey

Gibbs

et al. 1998

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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The structure of polyacrylamide gels was studied using proton spin-lattice relaxation and PFG diffusion methods. Polyacrylamide gels, with total polymer concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 0.35 g/ml and crosslinker concentrations from 0 to 10% by weight, were studied. The data showed no effect of the crosslinker concentration on the diffusion of water molecules. The Ogston-Morris and Mackie-Meares models fit the general trends observed for water diffusion in gels. The diffusion coefficients from the volume averaging method also fit the data, and this theory was able to account for the effects of water-gel interactions that are not accounted for in the other two theories. The averaging theory also did not require the physically unrealistic assumption, required in the other two theories, that the acrylamide fibers are of similar size to water molecules. Contrary to the diffusion data, T 1 relaxation measurements showed a significant effect of crosslinker concentration on the relaxation of water in gels. The model developed using the Bloch equations and the volume averaging method described the effects of water adsorption on the gel medium on both the diffusion coefficients and the relaxation measurements. In the proposed model the gel medium was assumed to consist of three phases (i.e., bulk water, uncrosslinked acrylamide fibers, and a bisacrylamide crosslinker phase). The effects of the crosslinker concentration were accounted for by introducing the proton partition coefficient, K eq , between the bulk water and crosslinker phase. The derived relaxation equations were successful in fitting the experimental data. The partition coefficient, K eq , decreased significantly as the crosslinker concentration increased from 5 to 10% by weight. This trend is consistent with the idea that bisacrylamide tends to form hydrophobic regions with increasing crosslinker concentration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). This model is based upon previously published experimental and theoretical results (3,5,26) that indicate that the crosslinker can form a separate, less water-soluble phase.…”

Section: Derivation Of Magnetization Recovery Equations For Proton Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spin-lattice Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volume Averaging In V T and The One-equation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Proton Diffusion andT1Relaxation in Polyacrylamide Gels: A Unified Approach Using Volume Averaging

Penke

Kinsey

Gibbs

et al. 1998

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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When can the Ogston-Morris-Rodbard-Chrambach model be applied to gel electrophoresis?

Locke

Trinh

1999

Electrophoresis

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The Ogston‐Morris‐Rodbard‐Chrambach theory of gel electrophoresis is consistent with predictions from the volume averaging method with respect to the equivalence of the accessible volume fraction to the ratios of gel mobility to free solution mobility and the gel diffusion coefficient to free solution diffusion coefficient for the limiting case of small molecule electrophoresis with low electrical fields, low gel concentrations, and nonconductive gel fibers. When these conditions are not valid, more extensive calculations are required to determine the mobility and diffusion coefficient ratios as functions of the geometry and electrical field within the gel. The volume averaging theory shows that it is important to account for the electrical conductivity properties of the fibers that make up a gel electrophoresis medium, and this aspect is consistent with early theories of transport phenomena in gel electrophoresis.

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Polymer Gels from Biopolymers

Alveroğlu

Gelir

2013

Handbook of Biopolymer‐Based Materials

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Some Properties of Polyacrylamide Gels

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Proton Diffusion andT1Relaxation in Polyacrylamide Gels: A Unified Approach Using Volume Averaging

Proton Diffusion andT1Relaxation in Polyacrylamide Gels: A Unified Approach Using Volume Averaging

When can the Ogston-Morris-Rodbard-Chrambach model be applied to gel electrophoresis?

Polymer Gels from Biopolymers

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