Some Quantitative Aspects of an Opponent-Colors Theory II Brightness, Saturation, and Hue in Normal and Dichromatic Vision

Hurvich, Leo M.; Jameson, Dorothea

doi:10.1364/josa.45.000602

Cited by 355 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

128

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Most investigators have sought to rationalize colorimetric functions as epiphenomena of early visual processing (see refs. 3,6,[8][9][10][11][19][20][21]; see ref. 22 for a related review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In color-matching tests, (i) saturation varies as a function of luminance [the Hunt effect (3)]; (ii) hue varies as a function of stimulus changes that affect saturation [the Abney effect (4, 5)]; (iii) hue varies as a function of luminance [the Bezold-Brücke effect (6, 7)]; and (iv) brightness varies as a function of stimulus changes that affect both hue and saturation [the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect (8)] . Explanations proposed in the past have been based on assumptions about neuronal interactions early in the visual pathway and have not led to any consensus (3,6,(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spectral statistics in natural scenes predict hue, saturation, and brightness

Long

Yang

Purves

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The perceptual color qualities of hue, saturation, and brightness do not correspond in any simple way to the physical characteristics of retinal stimuli, a fact that poses a major obstacle for any explanation of color vision. Here we test the hypothesis that these basic color attributes are determined by the statistical covariations in the spectral stimuli that humans have always experienced in typical visual environments. Using a database of 1,600 natural images, we analyzed the joint probability distributions of the physical variables most relevant to each of these perceptual qualities. The cumulative density functions derived from these distributions predict the major colorimetric functions that have been reported in psychophysical experiments over the last century.color ͉ colorimetry ͉ perception ͉ psychophysics ͉ vision C olor percepts are described in terms of hue (the sensation of the relative redness, greenness, blueness, or yellowness of a spectral stimulus), saturation (the degree to which a color percept deviates from neutral gray), and brightness (the apparent intensity of the stimulus). Although color percepts are obviously initiated by the spectral characteristics of light stimuli, a major difficulty rationalizing these color qualities in either neurobiological or psychological terms is that they are not linked in any straightforward way to the physical attributes of the corresponding retinal stimuli (i.e., to the energy distribution in the stimuli, to their relative uniformity, or to their overall power, respectively). Thus varying the physical parameter underlying any one of these perceptual categories changes the appearance of all three qualities in highly nonlinear and interdependent ways (1-8) .These classical psychophysical functions, which are illustrated in the Figs. 1a-6a, can be divided into those measured by color discrimination testing and those revealed in color-matching paradigms. In color discrimination tests, the ability to distinguish equally noticeable (or just noticeable) differences in hue or saturation varies systematically as a function of the wavelength of a monochromatic stimulus (1, 2). In color-matching tests, (i) saturation varies as a function of luminance [the Hunt effect (3) Motivated by evidence that natural image statistics predict the response properties of some visual neurons (12) and that imagesource statistics predict several aspects of visual perception (13-16), we here examine the hypothesis that this perplexing phenomenology arises from a scheme of visual processing based on statistical covariations of the physical characteristics of light stimuli in typical visual environments. To test this possibility, we acquired a database of 1,600 color images of natural scenes to approximate the range of light stimuli that humans have normally witnessed (see Fig. 7, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). The joint probability distributions of the physical correlates most closely associated with hue, saturation, and brightness were then analyz...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral statistics in natural scenes predict hue, saturation, and brightness

Long

Yang

Purves

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the years, this original idea was generalized from weighted cone absorptions to weighted color-mechanism responses, reflecting an increasing understanding about the role of opponent colors (13)(14)(15)(16). Over the last 40 y these quadratic line-element models have usually been implemented by transforming the cone absorptions into three theoretical opponent color mechanisms that are weighted sums of the cone absorption changes (17,18):…”

Section: Color Threshold Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Color threshold theory makes the further assumption that cone signals are recombined into three opponent mechanisms (13)(14)(15)(16). The second assertion (three opponent mechanisms) could hold even if the first (three photopigments) does not; signals from multiple photopigments can be combined into three opponent mechanisms (24).…”

Section: Trichromatic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human trichromacy revisited

Horiguchi

Winawer

Dougherty

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The presence of a photopigment (melanopsin) within certain retinal ganglion cells was a surprising and significant discovery. This pigment is routinely described as "nonvisual" to highlight its signaling role in pupil dilation and circadian rhythms. Here we asked whether light absorbed by melanopsin can be seen by healthy human subjects. To answer this requires delivering intense (above rod saturation), well-controlled lights using four independent primaries. We collected detection thresholds to many four-primary stimuli. Threshold measurements in the fovea are explained by trichromatic theory, with no need to invoke a fourth photopigment. In the periphery, where melanopsin is present, threshold measurements deviate from trichromatic theory; at high photopic levels, sensitivity is explained by absorptions in four, not three, photopigment classes. We consider a series of hypotheses to explain the tetrasensitivity at high photopic levels in the human peripheral field. The most likely hypothesis is that in healthy human subjects melanopsin absorptions influence visibility.color perception | retina | ipRGC | flicker sensitivity

show abstract

“…We used the saturation coefficient defined by the opponent theory of Hurvich and Jameson 41 to model colour vision changes associated with channel dysfunction. 42 The saturation coefficient is represented by the ratio of the combined chromatic channel activities to the total activity of all channels (Equation 1).…”

Section: Modelling Saturation Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for non‐selective colour channel involvement in diabetic eyes especially after laser treatment

Mahon

Vingrys

Fleiszig

1998

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose:We consider the hypothesis that proliferative diabetes produces selective loss of colour channels. We also consider the possibility that laser treatment for this condition does not affect macula function. Methods: We tested for the possibility of a selective colour channel involvement in 35 eyes of 33 cases of proliferative diabetes by considering the outcomes of saturation and hue testing before and after pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). Saturation testing was achieved with the Sahlgren Saturation Test (SST) and hue testing was via the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM100) hue test. Our results were compared to a recent model 1 that was developed to predict the saturation processing of diseased eyes. Results: All diabetic eyes with normal hue (FM100) scores passed the saturation test (SST). Most pre-treatment eyes (29 of 35 or 83 per cent) failed the FM100 hue test but only 16 of 35 (46 per cent) failed the saturation test. Following laser treatment, 97 per cent of eyes were abnormal on the FM100 hue test but only seven per cent failed the saturation test. Conclusion: Untreated diabetic eyes with proliferative retinopathy show losses of both hue and saturation processing. The nature of this relationship is consistent with that modelled assuming moderate and asymmetric non-selective losses in both chromatic and luminance channels. Laser treatment (PRP) appears to produce a paradoxical normalisation in saturation percepts in the presence of deteriorating hue scores. We find that this outcome is consistent with a more severe generalised reduction of sensitivity in both the chromatic and luminance processes and conclude that pan-retinal photocoagulation results in these unexpected macula changes. (Clin Exp Optom 1998; 81: 6: 272-279)

show abstract

Some Quantitative Aspects of an Opponent-Colors Theory II Brightness, Saturation, and Hue in Normal and Dichromatic Vision

Cited by 355 publications

References 27 publications

Spectral statistics in natural scenes predict hue, saturation, and brightness

Spectral statistics in natural scenes predict hue, saturation, and brightness

Human trichromacy revisited

Evidence for non‐selective colour channel involvement in diabetic eyes especially after laser treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About