This article is devoted to the status of the electroweak theory on the eve of experimentation at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. A compact summary of the logic and structure of the electroweak theory precedes an examination of what experimental tests have established so far. The outstanding unconfirmed prediction of the electroweak theory is the existence of the Higgs boson, a weakly interacting spin-zero particle that is the agent of electroweak symmetry breaking, the giver of mass to the weak gauge bosons, the quarks, and the leptons. General arguments imply that the Higgs boson or other new physics is required on the TeV energy scale. Indirect constraints from global analyses of electroweak measurements suggest that the mass of the standard-model Higgs boson is less than 200 GeV. Once its mass is assumed, the properties of the Higgs boson follow from the electroweak theory, and these inform the search for the Higgs boson. Alternative mechanisms for electroweak symmetry breaking are reviewed, and the importance of electroweak symmetry breaking is illuminated by considering a world without a specific mechanism to hide the electroweak symmetry.For all its triumphs, the electroweak theory has many shortcomings. It does not make specific predictions for the masses of the quarks and leptons or for the mixing among different flavors. It leaves unexplained how the Higgs-boson mass could remain below 1 TeV in the face of quantum corrections that tend to lift it toward the Planck scale or a unification scale. The Higgs field that must pervade all of space to hide the electroweak symmetry contributes a vacuum energy density far in excess of what is observed. And the electroweak theory responds inadequately to challenges raised by astronomical observations, including the dark-matter problem and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. These shortcomings argue for physics beyond the standard model; some possibilities are recalled.The Large Hadron Collider moves experiments squarely into the TeV scale, where answers to important outstanding questions will be found. The questions are developed in the course of this review, and a short summary is attempted of how knowledge might accumulate.