Some Syntactic Features of Relative Constructions in the Greek New Testament

Abstract

In the Greek New Testament, relative sentences that are introduced by relative pronouns alone, apart from the adverbial uses, are the most frequent subordinate sentence type. The research reported on in this paper aimed to investigate and describe a number of syntactic features of relative constructions in the Greek New Testament, taking account, among others, of some typological parameters that have been developed in the general linguistics literature for these constructions. The results indicate that relative constructions in the Greek New Testament have a variety of features, all of which have counterparts in some modern (or other ancient) languages, despite the differences. The relative sentence in the Greek New Testament is mostly postnominal, and the relative pronoun-type is used in those cases for encoding the role of the coreferential element in the relative sentence. Phrases expressing a variety of syntactic functions in a sentence (e.g. subject, direct object, etc.) are accessible to relativisation, that is, they can be represented by relative pronouns. Nominal elements serve mostly as antecedents of relative sentences, although sentences appear in that function as well. A variety of syntactic types of relative sentences can be distinguished, including the prenominal participial, postnominal finite/participial, circumnominal, free relative, adverbial, prejoined, postjoined, sentential and conjoined types. These can be linked in a systematic way to the four functions of relative sentences in the New Testament, i.e. identifying, appositive, adverbial and continuative. Relative sentences also play a role in communicative strategies. Prejoined relative sentences, for example, are most suitable for exposition and theme-building, especially in the correlative diptych construction.

Cluster decay of 234U and 232Th by the emission of neon isotopes

“…The obtained core-cluster structures only represents a small spectrum of possible cluster masses, but could easily be extended to allow the formation of eight or more clusters. By confining the system to the formation of only four clusters, we found that the most likely, and experimentally observed, clusters are always present [14], and therefore found it satisfactory to keep to the formation of only four clusters.…”

“…where the parameter a is the diffuseness, V 0 is the potential depth, R 0 is the radius, and the parameter x indicates the relative contributions made by the Woods-Saxon and the cubic Woods-Saxon terms. The best-fit parameters which describes the cluster emission of actinide nuclei is given by [12][13][14]…”

Determining the effects of government's perceived ecological roles on Chinese consumers' proenvironmental attitude, and green consumerism: The moderating effect of greenwashing perceptions

“…It is a research hotspot (Lyon & Montgomery, 2015) that this study intends to examine the interaction role of greenwash perceptions affecting green consumerism. Greenpeace (1997) conceptualizes greenwashing as a company's practice to mislead consumers for the sake of benefiting or falsely claiming eco‐friendly operations; Du Toit (2015) views greenwashing practices as impacting the company's reputation, stakeholders' financial performance, and an entire society. However, the paper considers greenwashing perception practices recognizable to consumers, such as perceiving a company's wrongful claim of greenness, incongruous environmental records, and overall shortfalls of environmental integrity.…”

On The Third Type of Headed Relative Clause in Post‐Classical and Early Byzantine Greek

“… As Du Toit’s (: 60) example (19b) makes clear, case is not always assigned by a constituent in the matrix clause in these three contexts, at least not in context (iii). Further research is needed on this issue. …”

“…2 Ancient Greek headed relative clauses have been subject to a great number of studies, among which see Probert (2015) for Archaic Greek; Monteil (1963), Adams (1972), Brunel (1977) for Archaic and Classical Greek;Biraud (1980), Chanet (1980), Pieters (1980), Rijksbaron (1981), Stelter (2004: 28-139), Perna (2013a;2013b), Luj an (2014) for Classical Greek; Vierros (2003) for Early Post-classical Greek; Kriki (2013) for Post-classical Greek; Du Toit (1986Toit ( , 2015Toit ( , 2016, Boyer (1988), Culy (1989), Petersen (2001) and Kirk (2012: 177-224) for New Testament Greek. 3 Fauconnier's (2014) study is concerned specifically with Classical Greek (V-IV BC).…”