Some Thermodynamic Properties of Soil Water

Taylor, Sterling A.; Stewart, Gordon L.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040010x

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After each box had received its full com- * Although incubations were at temperatures other than that for which the water retention curves were constructed, the effect of temperature on water potential presumably was negligible (Taylor 1958, Taylor and Stewart 1960, Campbell and Gardner 1971. The eggs had been selected at random, two from each of five clutches.…”

Section: Methods For Incubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eggs first were weighed to the nearest milligram on an electronic balance and then were half-buried in the substrate in the designated container. After each box had received its full com- * Although incubations were at temperatures other than that for which the water retention curves were constructed, the effect of temperature on water potential presumably was negligible (Taylor 1958, Taylor and Stewart 1960, Campbell and Gardner 1971. plement of 10 eggs, the container was sealed with aluminum foil to retard evaporation and to maintain a high humidity in the air adjacent to the eggs (Tracy et al 1978, Packard et al 1980.…”

Section: Methods For Incubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Moisture, Temperature, and Substrate on Snapping Turtle Eggs and Embryos

Packard¹,

Packard²,

Miller³

et al. 1987

Ecology

229

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flexible-shelled eggs of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were incubated on two substrates (sand and vermiculite) at each of three temperatures (26.0°, 28.SO, 31.0°C) and three moisture regimes (water potentials initially -150 kPa, -550 kPa, -950 kPa) in a factorial experiment assessing the influence of these variables on the water relations of eggs and the development of embryos.Hatching success was high on wet substrates at 26.0° and 28.5°, but declined at the highest temperature and on drier media. Net absorption of water by viable eggs, duration of incubation by embryos, and size of hatchlings were positively correlated with wetness of substrates and negatively correlated with temperature. Turtles hatching from eggs at 26.0° were males regardless of the wetness of the medium, whereas those emerging from eggs at 28.5° and 31.0° were females. These patterns of response characterized eggs incubated on sand as well as those on vermiculite.Findings from this study indicate that temporal and spatial variations in moisture and temperature within and among natural nests probably elicit ecologically important variation in size and sex of hatchling snapping turtles.

show abstract

Section: Methods For Incubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods For Incubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Moisture, Temperature, and Substrate on Snapping Turtle Eggs and Embryos

Packard¹,

Packard²,

Miller³

et al. 1987

Ecology

229

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…71 sensitivity. Taylor and Stewart (1960) derived essentially the same equations. However, these equations did not take into account the possible effects of curved air-water menisci which might exist at the surface of a day-water gel or suspension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Thermodynamic Properties of Water in Suspensions of Montmorillonite

Kolaian

1960

Clays clay miner. (Natl. Conf. Clays Clay Miner.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The partial molar free energies, entropies and heat contents of the water in suspensions of Li-, l~a-, and K-clay were measured relative to pure water by means of a tensiometer. This method of obtaining these thermodynamic properties is far more sensitive than the more common method utilizing adsorption isotherms and a form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The partial molar free energy of the water decreased with time after stirring and increased rapidly upon stirring. This was taken as evidence that a gradual increase in the degree of orientation of water molecules associated with the clay particles occurred as the particles fell into the more random edge-to-surface thixotropie structure. The partial molar entropies and heat contents of the water in the suspensions were found to be less than those for pure water. Hence, this evidence also supported the postulate that an ordered water structure exists in the thixotropic suspensions.

show abstract

“…Since then, only a handful of researchers have studied the temperature effect in detail. This is surprising considering the fact that for some soil and environmental conditions temperature can exert a greater influence on water content than the pressure potential [Taylor and Stewart, 1960]. Known effects of T on O(h) and K(O) are illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, respectively.…”

Section: Temperature Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Water flow and solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone

Nielsen

Genuchten

Biggar

1986

Water Resources Research

475

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper gives a review of our current conceptual understanding of the basic processes of water flow and chemical transport in the untsaturated (vadose) zone and of various deterministic mathematical models that are being used to describe these processes. During the past few decades, tremendous effort has been directed toward unravelling the complexities of various interactive physical, chemical, and microbiological mechanisms affecting unsaturated flow and transport, with contributions being made by soil scientists, geochemists, hydrologists, soil microbiologists, and others. Unfortunately, segmented, disciplinary research has contributed to a lack of experimental and theoretical understanding of the vadose zone, which, in turn, has precluded the accurate prediction and management of flow and contaminant transport through it. Thus a more unified and interdisciplinary approach is needed that considers the most pertinent physical, chemical, and biological processes operative in the unsaturated zone. Challenges for both fundamental and applied researchers to reveal the intricacies of the zone and to integrate these with currently known concepts are numerous, as is the urgency for progress inasmuch as our soil and ground water resources are increasingly subjected to the dangers of long‐term pollution. Specific research areas in need of future investigation are outlined.

show abstract

Some Thermodynamic Properties of Soil Water

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Moisture, Temperature, and Substrate on Snapping Turtle Eggs and Embryos

Influence of Moisture, Temperature, and Substrate on Snapping Turtle Eggs and Embryos

Thermodynamic Properties of Water in Suspensions of Montmorillonite

Water flow and solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About