Some Things are not held together by Glue: Chunambo and other ‘Sticky Matter’ in Subtropical Macao, China

Abstract

This article uses adhesives or what I am calling here ‘sticky matter,’ to illustrate multispecies relationships in Macao, a subtropical coastal region in South China. It focuses primarily on a traditional rammed earth material known as chunambo in Macao and other former Portuguese colonies. Composed of oyster shell, straw, rice, local soils and sand chemically bounded together by slacked lime, this precursor to modern day concrete has a unique combination of porosity and structural integrity that makes it particularly adaptable to tropical climates and a contrast to contemporary building practices which are often designed to create sealed interior environments. Discussions of porosity within New Materialism, Urban Studies and Chinese aesthetics will be used to think stickiness alongside questions of material integrity in the face of sea level rise, erosion and anthropogenic forces. Much like limestone sediments formed over the course of thousands of years at the bottom of ancient tropical sea beds, chunambo invites speculation about material permanence in the face of climate futures and a changing urban environment.

Innovative Thermal Renders Incorporating Oyster Shells for Sustainable Insulation

“…The use of shells in construction has roots that go back many generations in several nations, due to their limestone-based properties, which give structures greater strength and durability [18]. The availability of shells for construction came from coastal regions and they were often used as a local material and integrated into vernacular architecture [19,20]. The type of lime varied according to the availability of materials in each region, with oyster shells being used in seaside locations and calcium and magnesium rocks such as chalk, dolomite, and limestone being used elsewhere [21].…”

“…Both techniques were found in buildings from the 16th century onwards [22][23][24]. Constructions using these techniques and techniques adapted to the given regions have been identified in Africa, Asia, Europe, South America, and North America [19,[22][23][24][25][26].…”