Some Thoughts on Body Mass Index, Micronutrient Intakes and Pregnancy Outcome

Neggers, Yasmin H.; Goldenberg, Robert L.

doi:10.1093/jn/133.5.1737s

Cited by 146 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although prepregnancy BMI has a genetic as well as nutritional component, a low prepregnancy BMI is considered a marker for minimal tissue nutrient reserves [5]. Women with low prepregnancy weight for height or BMI are at increased risk for a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and IUGR [6]. In this study, high percentage of LBW (35 %) newborns were born to women with BMI <20 as compared to 16.67% of normal birth weight newborns in control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight Babies

Singh

Chouhan²,

Sidhu³

2009

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Introduction L ow birth weight (LBW) is the dominating risk factorfor infant morbidity and mortality, (36% of all mortality in children <5 years of age), constituting about 4 million deaths per year. Some term and preterm small babies are healthy, with weight and length according to their genetic potential, while others are smaller due to factors impeding growth during fetal life. This phenomenon is called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and is the second leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, after prematurity.Low birth weight lower than that expected from the genetic potential might be caused by fetal, maternal or placental factors or a combination of risk factors, resulting in an impaired placental transport of nutrients or reduced growth potential of the fetus. Constitutional, gender and hereditary factors explain up to 40% of the variability of birth weight. Maternal age (<20 or >35 yrs), ethnicity, marital status, birth interval, educational level and socio-economic conditions are other explanatory factors. Common fetal factors are genetic and/or chromosomal aberrations. Medical risk factors for LBW before pregnancy are chronic conditions like hypertension, renal insufficiency, cardio-respiratory, autoimmune, endocrine or infectious disorders. The risk factors for LBW during pregnancy are hypertensive disorders, diabetes, malnutrition, bleeding, anemia, infection, placental or fetal anomalies and multiple pregnancies. The morbidities of term and moderately preterm (>32 weeks) LBW are mainly related to uteroplacental insufficiency and poor energy substrate transfer, resulting in neonatal complications like birth asphyxia, hypothermia, meconium aspiration, polycythaemia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcaemia and thrombocythaemia.LBW infants are forty times more likely to die within their first four weeks of life than normal birth weight infants. LBW infants are also three times more likely than normal birth weight infants to have neurodevelopmental complications and congenital abnormalities [1].The neonatal course in LBW infants born preterm (<32 weeks) is dominated by complications caused by anatomic and physiological immaturity e.g. birth asphyxia, hypothermia, respiratory distress due to delayed alveolar clearance of water and surfactant deficiency, delayed postnatal circulatory adaptation with pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension and delayed closure of fetal shunts. Immaturity and reduced substrate stores explain high prevalence of hypo/ hyperglycemia, jaundice and coagulopathy. Immature Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight BabiesLt Col G Singh * , Capt R Chouhan + , Maj K Sidhu # Abstract Background: Low birth weight is defined as the live births with less than 2.5 kg weight. It is a key determinant of infant survival, health and development. Low birth weight infants are at a greater risk of having a disability and for diseases such as cerebral palsy, visual problems, learning disabilities and respiratory problems. To reduce the low birth weight deliveries, we studied the maternal fac...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight Babies

Singh

Chouhan²,

Sidhu³

2009

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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“…BMI and anemia capture this. They are both correlated with disease, malaria, and poor nutrition (WHO, 2008) and strong predictors of low birth weight and preterm delivery (Neggars and Goldenberg, 2003;Levy et al, 2005). BMI is the most widely accepted measure of adult nutrition.…”

Section: Maternal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational persistence in health in developing countries: The penalty of gender inequality?

Bhalotra

Rawlings

2011

Journal of Public Economics

126

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“…Initially, the BMI was used as a measure of obesity in developed countries, but it is now applied to define underweight and overweight adults in countries throughout the world (World Health Organization 2000). In developed countries, poor nutritional status of women -as defined by a low BMI -has a negative effect on pregnancy outcomes, particularly low infant birth weight and preterm delivery (Ogunyemi et al 1998;Ehrenberg et al 2003;Neggers & Goldenberg 2003;Helgstrand & Andersen 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcomes among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected Zambian women

Banda

Chapman

Goldenberg

et al. 2007

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjectives To determine the influence of body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy outcomes of HIVinfected and HIV-uninfected Zambian women and to assess the possible role of BMI on mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV.methods We analysed data from a clinical trial on nevirapine administration for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Lusaka, Zambia. Demographic characteristics, medical information and pregnancy outcomes were used in this secondary analysis.results A total of 1211 women were included in this analysis and 36% were HIV-infected. Among HIV-infected women, maternal parity and prior stillbirths increased with increasing BMI in univariate analysis. Mean birth weight rose as well at 28.3 g [95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 14.0-42.6] of infant weight per BMI unit. Transmission of HIV from mother to child appeared inversely related to BMI when compared according to BMI quartile (P for trend ¼ 0.07). In the HIV-uninfected group, infant birth weight increased with increasing BMI, at 32.7 g (95% CI ¼ 23.5-41.9) of infant weight per BMI unit.conclusion Birth weight increased alongside BMI in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women.There is a suggestion that women with lower BMI have a greater risk of perinatal HIV transmission, even after adjustments for HIV viral load and CD4 count.

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Some Thoughts on Body Mass Index, Micronutrient Intakes and Pregnancy Outcome

Cited by 146 publications

References 21 publications

Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight Babies

Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight Babies

Intergenerational persistence in health in developing countries: The penalty of gender inequality?

Influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcomes among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected Zambian women

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