Some Thoughts on Mapping Tribological Issues of Wind Turbine Blades Due to Effects of Onshore and Offshore Raindrop Erosion

Pugh, Kieran; Rasool, Ghulam; Stack, Margaret

doi:10.1007/s40735-018-0165-9

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previous work on this topic by the current research group showed similar results to the saltwater exposure in this investigation. This had concluded that the saltwater proved more erosive when subject to high velocity impacts from the leading edge of the turbine blade and would create larger, more destructive cracks and loss of material from the sample [15]. The added effect of the more consistent wind from offshore conditions with the sea water climate is conducive to an erosive atmosphere and hence a short life span of turbine blades.…”

Section: Rainfall Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

Pugh

Stack

2021

J Bio Tribo Corros

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Erosion rates of wind turbine blades are not constant, and they depend on many external factors including meteorological differences relating to global weather patterns. In order to track the degradation of the turbine blades, it is important to analyse the distribution and change in weather conditions across the country. This case study addresses rainfall in Western Europe using the UK and Ireland data to create a relationship between the erosion rate of wind turbine blades and rainfall for both countries. In order to match the appropriate erosion data to the meteorological data, 2 months of the annual rainfall were chosen, and the differences were analysed. The month of highest rain, January and month of least rain, May were selected for the study. The two variables were then combined with other data including hailstorm events and locations of wind turbine farms to create a general overview of erosion with relation to wind turbine blades.

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Section: Rainfall Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

Pugh

Stack

2021

J Bio Tribo Corros

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“…At the circumference of the swing arm includes needles which provide The experimental rig used for this investigation was an existing setup within the tribology department at The University of Strathclyde. This rig was previously used to collect experimental data for the paper titled "Some Thoughts on Mapping Tribological Issues of Wind Turbine Blades Due to Effects of Onshore and Offshore Raindrop Erosion" [13]. Adjustments were made to this rig to allow a bending stress to be applied to the sample.…”

Section: Methodology and Test Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make this data from the experiments more relatable with the literature, the impact angle was changed from the angle of the sample holder which was used in the previous wear maps to the angle the droplet makes on the sample. In comparison to the previous salt water experiments [13], during the removal of the samples from the rig, the samples were given a short wash in order to minimise the quantity of salt crystals on and within the sample.…”

Section: Post Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raindrop Erosion of Composite Materials: Some Views on the Effect of Bending Stress on Erosion Mechanisms

2019

Self Cite

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This paper represents the investigation of rain erosion on wind turbine blade materials under load in the simulation of onshore and offshore environmental conditions. The experimental work was carried out on a whirling arm rig with the material under a static 3 point bend to simulate large multi-megawatt wind turbine blades flexing during operation. This experiment was run with both fresh water and salt water to simulate onshore and offshore turbines. The results showed that the effects of a pre-stress on the samples resulted in a higher degradation rate following rain drop erosion. The microscopic analysis of the samples exposed to pre-stress identified distinctive surface features which has been termed a surface impact circular deformation. These features showed signs of cracking which enhanced the erosion rate. The pre-stressed samples also encountered a larger crossover in erosive mechanisms of abrasion and direct impacts; this was theorised to be due to the material being close to its yield stress and more likely to plastically deform.

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“…A wastage map was created using the mass losses recorded during testing with respect to varying rain droplet diameter and linear velocity. Previous research on wastage maps for whirling arm rain erosion rigs from the group have addressed this issue, [20][21][22][23][24]. Initial parameters for low, medium and high mass loss had to be chosen.…”

Section: Raindrop Erosion Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Construction of Raindrop Erosion Maps for Steel

Sloan¹,

Stack²

2020

Preprint

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Raindrop erosion is a significant materials limiting issue. It can affect materials for transportation and renewable energy converters such as wind turbines as well as all external structures used in the construction industries. In such cases, the raindrop effects can occur over a wide range of impact velocities and particles sizes. In understanding tribological variable effects, it is useful to study using reference materials. This is because the reference material is well characterized, from previous knowledge of the tribological and corrosion patterns. Further, the well established chemical composition and stochiometry of the corrosion products provide some background understanding of how effectively, during tribological action, the surface scale adheres to the substrate. In this study, a carbon steel was used as a reference to study the effects of velocity and drop diameter in a whirling arm erosion test rig. The results were used to establish the conditions where corrosion was accelerated and the environments where aerodynamic effects may have resulted in droplets being deflected the surfaces. Erosion maps were generated to illustrate such mechanisms based on the results.

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Some Thoughts on Mapping Tribological Issues of Wind Turbine Blades Due to Effects of Onshore and Offshore Raindrop Erosion

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

Raindrop Erosion of Composite Materials: Some Views on the Effect of Bending Stress on Erosion Mechanisms

On the Construction of Raindrop Erosion Maps for Steel

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