Some Ultra-Processed Foods Are Needed for Nutrient Adequate Diets: Linear Programming Analyses of the Seattle Obesity Study

Skyler, Hallinan,; Rose, Chelsea M.; Buszkiewicz, James; Drewnowski, Adam

doi:10.3390/nu13113838

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other studies have also pointed to a conflict between high nutrient density ratings and UPF category assignments [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. We now provide further evidence—for Brazil—that some nutrient-rich foods appear to fall into the category of UPF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown by modeling studies, nutritionally adequate diets can be composed of foods from the four NOVA categories [ 37 ]; it is important not to exclude any foods that can be both low-cost and nutrient-rich. One economic interpretation of the finding that lower income groups select foods in the UPF category is that their food purchases are driven primarily by food price.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affordable Nutrient Density in Brazil: Nutrient Profiling in Relation to Food Cost and NOVA Category Assignments

et al. 2022

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Affordable nutrient density is provided by low-cost and nutrient-rich foods. We explored nutrient density, cost, and NOVA category assignments within and across food groups in Brazil. The nutrient density of the foods (n = 591) was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) based on protein, fiber, vitamin A (RAE), vitamin C, vitamin E (mg), Ca, Fe, K and Mg; and NRF6.3 score for priority nutrients: Ca, Fe, Zn, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and folate. Nutrients to limit (LIM) were saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium. Affordability was defined as the ratio of energy and/or nutrient density of foods and retail price per 100 kcal. Foods were classified as minimally processed (n = 106), processed (n = 188), ultra-processed (n = 286), and culinary ingredients (n = 11). Nutrient density was positively linked to per 100 kcal food cost. Ultra-processed foods (UPF) contained more energy, fat, sugar, and salt and had lower NRF scores compared to minimally processed (MPF) foods. UPF was also less expensive than MPF foods. Nutrient-rich foods below the median per 100 kcal costs included MPF foods, but also processed foods (PF) and UPF. Affordable nutrient-rich foods can be found in the different categories of the NOVA classification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Nutrient Density in Brazil: Nutrient Profiling in Relation to Food Cost and NOVA Category Assignments

et al. 2022

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“…Packaged foods can help improve food safety, reduce unnecessary food waste, and conserve resources ( 25 ), and they have long been recognized as a contributor to food and nutrition security ( 26 ). Affordable nutrient density cannot be achieved without packaged foods, as demonstrated in a recent study showing that a combination of unprocessed foods and UPFs is required to generate an affordable food pattern, and that UPFs are essential to creating food patterns that are nutritionally adequate ( 20 ). Packaged foods also help save time on food preparation, meal planning, and procurement, and thereby make sustainable eating accessible to a variety of skill levels.…”

Section: The Role Of Packaged Foods In Healthy Sustainable Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Healthy, Sustainable Diets Accessible and Achievable: A New Framework for Assessing the Nutrition, Environmental, and Equity Impacts of Packaged Foods

Gustafson

Decker

Drewnowski

et al. 2022

Current Developments in Nutrition

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There is a growing global consensus among food system experts that diets and how we source our foods must change. The sustainable nutrition community continues exploring the environmental impact and dietary value of foods. Packaged foods have been largely ignored within the dialogue, and if they are addressed, existing frameworks tend to label them all as “ultra-processed” and uniformly discourage their consumption. This approach lacks the nuance needed to holistically evaluate packaged foods within recommended dietary patterns. Additionally, there is considerable diversity of opinion within the literature on these topics, especially on how to best improve nutrition security in populations most at risk of diet-related chronic disease. In support of addressing these challenges, eight sustainability and nutrition experts were convened by Clif Bar & Company for a facilitated discussion on the urgent need to drive adoption of healthy, sustainable diets; the crucial role that certain packaged foods can play in helping make such diets achievable and accessible; and the need for actionable guidance around how to recommend and choose packaged foods that consider human, societal, and planetary health. This paper summarizes the meeting discussion, which informed the development of a proposed framework based on guiding principles for defining sustainable, nutritious packaged foods across key nutrition, environmental, economic and sociocultural wellbeing indicators. While additional research is needed to substantiate specific metrics in order to operationalize the framework, it is intended to be a foundation from which to build and refine as science and measurement capabilities advance, and an important step toward broader adoption of healthy, sustainable diets.

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“…Conversely, decreasing UPF consumption (17) and replacing them with MPFs (16) improved diet quality in Americans and Canadians, respectively. Despite these studies, there is evidence indicating that some of the UPFs are required to meet nutrient adequacy (18). In a population-based study in the Washington state, UPFs were the main source of plant protein and vitamin E, thiamin, niacin, folate, and calcium (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these studies, there is evidence indicating that some of the UPFs are required to meet nutrient adequacy (18). In a population-based study in the Washington state, UPFs were the main source of plant protein and vitamin E, thiamin, niacin, folate, and calcium (18). In addition, PFs had considerable share to both micro-and macronutrient intake (9,18), and minimizing their consumption was associated with nutrient deficiency (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between ultra-processed foods consumption and micronutrient intake and diet quality in Iranian adults: a multicentric study

Haghighatdoost

Hajihashemi

Mohammadifard

et al. 2022

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To identify ultra-processed foods (UPFs) contribution to daily energy and nutrient intake in Iranians and examine whether UPF intake is associated with nutrient profile and diet quality. Design: In this cross-sectional study, a validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate usual dietary intake over the preceding year. NOVA system was applied to categorize foods based on their levels of processing. Diet quality was evaluated using the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF), and hybrid nutrient density. Setting: The LIPOKAP study, conducted in five cities of Iran (Isfahan, Birjand, Bandar Abbas, Kermanshah, and Shahrekord). Participants: A total of 1994 adults aged ≥18 years were recruited using stratified multistage random cluster sampling method. Results: UPFs were responsible for 8.5% of daily energy intake. In the adjusted model, UPF consumption was inversely associated with carbohydrate, protein, refined and whole grains, fiber, fruit and meat, but was positively linked to energy, total fat, saturated and trans fatty acids and cholesterol. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, individuals in the highest tertile of UPFs had smaller NAR for calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, thiamin, niacin, folate and vitamin C. Both NRF and hybrid nutrient density decreased when the share of daily energy intake from UPFs increased. Conclusion: The higher consumption of UPFs is associated with poorer diet quality and lower nutrient intake. It is recommended that UPFs be replaced with minimally processed foods to improve diet quality and nutrient profile.

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Some Ultra-Processed Foods Are Needed for Nutrient Adequate Diets: Linear Programming Analyses of the Seattle Obesity Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Affordable Nutrient Density in Brazil: Nutrient Profiling in Relation to Food Cost and NOVA Category Assignments

Affordable Nutrient Density in Brazil: Nutrient Profiling in Relation to Food Cost and NOVA Category Assignments

Making Healthy, Sustainable Diets Accessible and Achievable: A New Framework for Assessing the Nutrition, Environmental, and Equity Impacts of Packaged Foods

Association between ultra-processed foods consumption and micronutrient intake and diet quality in Iranian adults: a multicentric study

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