The Post constraint for linear electromagnetic materials arises from two basic tenets of modern electromagnetism. The first is the microscopic basis of all electromagnetic phenomenons. The second is thatẼ (x, t) andB (x, t) are the fundamental fields, whereasD (x, t) andH (x, t) are merely secondary constructs. The latter is in contrast to the older version of electromagnetism, wherein the roles ofB (x, t) andH (x, t) are the opposite, and which does not admit the Post constraint. A comprehensive view of the Post constraint is presented.
REDISCOVERY OF THE POST CONSTRAINTA little over ten years ago, I was busy finishing a monograph on electromagnetic fields in isotropic, linear, chiral mediums [1]. The electromagnetic response properties of these materials are direction-independent. At any given frequency, three constitutive scalars are needed to describe these properties. It was known that the general, linear, isotropic medium requires four constitutive scalars [2,3]. The difference is that while the threeparameter mediums are Lorentz-reciprocal, the four-parameter mediums are not [4]. This difference produces a dilemma: How can the characteristics of propagation in the forward and the backward directions be different from each other in a linear medium with direction-independent response properties? For two years, I had searched in vain for a way out of this dilemma.While my monograph had gone to the publishers and I was suffering from what could be described as a post partum depression, I began leafing through a slender volume on the formal structure of electromagnetism [5]. I had occasionally consulted this book for over a decade, and did not expect to find anything new. This time, however, my attention was arrested by Eq. 6.18b for this book, which seemed to have emerged from Eq. 6.18. If this equation were true, modern electromagnetism would not admit an isotropic, linear, four-parameter medium. Furthermore, this equation would assert that all linear isotropic materials must be Lorentz-reciprocal, although it would not outlaw Lorentz-reciprocity for linear anisotropic materials. My notes indicate that I sent three e-mails on March 26, 1994 to my friend and collaborator, Werner S. Weiglhofer (University of Glasgow) describing the situation. Within three weeks, both of us had checked and confirmed my initial thoughts. The Post constraint had been rediscovered. On May 2, 1994, we submitted a note for publication [6].We also communicated with Frédéric Guérin, one of the organizers of the conference Chiral '94 . He agreed to let us deliver a post-conference presentation on May 20, 1994. There is no record of our presentation in the official proceedings of that conference [7]. The air was thick with excitement after our joint delivery. Many sentiments were freely expressed by others. Werner and I thoroughly enjoyed the hullabaloo. My depression vanished.Ever since then, the Post constraint has been the subject of ongoing discussion in the complex-mediums electromagnetics research community. During the first severa...