Some Vegetation of the California Coastal Redwood Region in Relation to Gradients of Moisture, Nutrients, Light, and Temperature

Waring, Richard H.; Major, Jack

doi:10.2307/1948452

Cited by 145 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Stark (1968) In other studies, Douglas-fir seedling growth has 620 responded to increasing levels of light (Minore, 1988;621 Oliver and Dolph, 1992). Moreover, its ability to 622 survive drought in mixed conifer forests (Waring 623 and Major, 1964;White, 1987) (Minore, 1979). In this study, light availability and 626 water potential (at a < 0:1) were both important in 627 limiting Douglas-fir height extension, but compared to 628 the other species, variation was not well accounted for 629 by these two resources alone ( (Table 2).…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge effects in mixed conifer group selection openings: tree height response to resource gradients

York

Battles

Heald³

2003

Forest Ecology and Management

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14Replicated circular openings ranging in size from 0.1 to 1 ha were cleared on a Sierran mixed conifer forest in 1996 at the 15 Blodgett Forest Research Station, California and planted with seedlings of six native species. After 3 years of growth, heights of 16 all trees were measured and analyzed according to species, opening size, and location within the opening. To determine the cause 17 of the edge influence on height, we measured differences along north-south transects in extension growth, pre-dawn water 18 potential, and light availability for three species of trees: giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), ponderosa pine (Pinus 19 ponderosa), and Douglas-fir (Ptseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii). The sequence of mean height from tallest to shortest based 20 on species was: giant sequoia > incense cedar > Douglas-fir > ponderosa pine > white fir > sugar pine. For all species com-21 bined, a ten-fold increase in the area of the opening corresponded to a 34% increase in mean height. Trees were tallest on average 22 in the north rows and shortest in the south rows. There was no difference in height between trees in the east and west rows. As 23 expected, resource availability was greatest near the center and least near the edges with north edges receiving significantly more 24 light than southern edges. In general, observed edge effects on sapling height growth were correlated with light and water supply. 25 However there were important differences between species in the nature of the co-limitation. Giant sequoia growth was most 26 sensitive to light and water availability. Together they explained more than 47% of the observed variation in giant sequoia height. 27 In contrast, only light was a significant predictor of ponderosa pine performance. Douglas-fir heights were significantly related 28 to both light and water but there was more unexplained variability in the Douglas-fir model compared to the other species. These 29 highly controlled experimental group openings provide a standard reference for silviculturalists using the group selection 30 method of regeneration.

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Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge effects in mixed conifer group selection openings: tree height response to resource gradients

York

Battles

Heald³

2003

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Waring & Major (1964) developed an approach which considered explicitly each of the four resources. They correlated species basal area or frequency with particular environmental variables which gave reasonable estimates of the resource variables, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The calculation of scalars (Loucks, 1962;Waring & Major, 1964; see also Waring et al, 1972;Zobel et al 1976) represents an attempt to relate environmental gradients to direct growth factors. The method, however, involved a significant arbitrary element; the scalars are not necessarily based on appropriate physical processes.…”

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New approaches to direct gradient analysis using environmental scalars and statistical curve-fitting procedures

1984

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The conceptual framework of direct gradient analysis (DGA) is discussed in relation to the functional, factorial approach to vegetation. Both approaches use abstract simplified environment gradients with which to correlate vegetation response. Environmental scalars based on physical process models of environment and/or known biological growth processes can be incorporated to make analyses less location specific. An example of an environmental scalar (radiation index) for converting aspect and slope measurements to the more biologically relevant radiation input at a site is given.The problem of the shape of species response curves to environmental gradients is examined using a sample of I 286 plots from eucalypt forest in southern New South Wales. An important conclusion is that skewed or bimodal response curves may be due to unsatisfactory distribution of observations and/or unrecognized environmental factors. The use of Generalized Linear Modelling (GLM) as a method for providing a statistical basis for DGA is presented. Analyses using GLM, and presence/absence data are presented for a range of eucalypt species (Eucalyptus rossii, E. dalrympleana, E. fastigata etc.). Successful prediction of species distributions (realized niches) can be achieved with mean annual temperature, mean annual rainfall, radiation index and geology. Quadratic terms are required in many cases, indicating bell-shaped response curves. The major variability associated with species niches is shown to be related to a limited number (4) of environmental factors. DGA with biologically relevant scalars and appropriate statistical methods is suitable for studying many problems of species' realized niches and plant community composition. Preface

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“…Because the coenocline and complexgradient are parallel (and functionally related), we may use these measurements to indicate position along the environmental complexgradient. Such is the basis of ELLENBERG 'S (1948, 1950, 1952) indicator applications, and the basis of arranging samples into transects in some work on gradient analysis (WHITTAKER 1951(WHITTAKER , 1956(WHITTAKER , 1960CURTIS and McINTOSH 1951;WHITTAKER and NIERING 1965;BROWN and CURTIS 1952;CURTIS 1955;WARING and MAJOR 1964).…”

Section: Direct Gradient Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Population Structure of Vegetation

Whittaker

1970

Gesellschaftsmorphologie

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Some Vegetation of the California Coastal Redwood Region in Relation to Gradients of Moisture, Nutrients, Light, and Temperature

Cited by 145 publications

References 72 publications

Edge effects in mixed conifer group selection openings: tree height response to resource gradients

Edge effects in mixed conifer group selection openings: tree height response to resource gradients

New approaches to direct gradient analysis using environmental scalars and statistical curve-fitting procedures

The Population Structure of Vegetation

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