Something to gain, something to lose: The cardiovascular consequences of outcome framing

Seery, Mark D.; Weisbuch, Max; Blascovich, Jim

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.05.006

Cited by 96 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Staufenbiel et al (2013) noted the importance of considering the role of individual's cognitive stress appraisal in relation to HCC. Stress need not be perceived negatively by an individual and similar levels of selfreported stress can be associated with contrasting physiological responses, for example depending on whether the situation is perceived as a challenge or a threat (Seery et al, 2009;Turner et al, 2014). It is possible that a stronger effect would have been detected in a more chronically stressed group, or perhaps with a more generic stress appraisal measure to reflect general attitudes to stress and ability to deal with ongoing daily stressors that contribute to chronic stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An individual's resilience or their ability to cope with stressors, can influence their stress response. For example, psycho-physiological responses to stress are different depending on whether an individual views the stress positively, as challenge, compared with negatively, as a threat (Blascovich and Mendes, 2000;Seery, 2011), with individuals able to change their psycho-physiological response to stress based on the task instructions they are given (e.g., Seery et al, 2009;Turner et al, 2014). Further, primary cognitive appraisal of a stressor has been found to account for 26% of variance in the stress response assessed by cortisol (Gaab et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair cortisol and self-reported stress in healthy, working adults

Gidlow

Randall²,

Gillman

et al. 2016

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Chronic stress can be important in the pathology of chronic disease. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are proposed to reflect long term cortisol secretion from exposure to stress. To date, inconsistencies in the relationship between HCC and self-reported stress have been attributed to variation and limitations of perceived stress measurement. We report data from employees of two large public sector worksites (n=132). Socio-demographic, health, lifestyle, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and work-related Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) were collected at baseline. Participants were asked to respond to mobile text messages every two days, asking them to report current stress levels (Ecological Momentary Assessment, EMA), and mean stress was determined overall, during work hours, and out of work hours. At 12 weeks, the Appraisal of Stressful Life Events Scale (ALES) was completed and 3cm scalp hair samples were taken, from which HCC was determined (to reflect cortisol secretion over the past 12 weeks). Mean response rate to EMA was 81.9±14.9%. Associations between HCC and the various self-reported stress measures (adjusted for use of hair dye) were weak (all <.3). We observed significant associations with HCC for EMA measured stress responses received out of work hours (ρ=.196, p=.013) and ALES Loss subscale (ρ=.241, p=.003), and two individual items from ERI (relating to future work situation). In regression analysis adjusting for other possible confounders, only the HCC-ALES Loss association remained significant (p=.011). Overall, our study confirms that EMA provides a useful measurement tool that can gather perceived stress measures in real-time. But, there was no relationship between self-reported stress collected in this way, and HCC. The modest association between HCC and stress appraisal does however, provide some evidence for the role of cognitive processes in chronic stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cortisol and self-reported stress in healthy, working adults

Gidlow

Randall²,

Gillman

et al. 2016

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…Residualised change scores were calculated in order to control for baseline values. Cardiac output was assigned a weight of +1 and total peripheral resistance a weight of -1, such that a larger value corresponded with greater challenge (as Seery et al, 2009). To compare the groups, an independent t-test was conducted on the challenge and threat index data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Champ or Chump?: Challenge and Threat States During Pressurized Competition

Moore

Wilson

Vine

et al. 2013

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

118

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The present research examined the immediate impact of challenge and threat states on golf performance in both real competition and a laboratory-based task. In Study 1, 199 experienced golfers reported their evaluations of competition demands and personal coping resources before a golf competition. Evaluating the competition as a challenge (i.e., sufficient resources to cope with demands) was associated with superior performance. In Study 2, 60 experienced golfers randomly received challenge or threat manipulation instructions and then performed a competitive golf-putting task. Challenge and threat states were successfully manipulated and the challenge group outperformed the threat group. Furthermore, the challenge group reported less anxiety, more facilitative interpretations of anxiety, less conscious processing, and displayed longer quiet eye durations. However, these variables failed to mediate the group–performance relationship. These studies demonstrate the importance of considering preperformance psychophysiological states when examining the influence of competitive pressure on motor performance.

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“…In sum, introspective self-reports concerning appraisal, such as those used in this paper to measure resource appraisals, have obvious drawbacks that have been highlighted many times particularly in criticisms of cognitive appraisal research (e.g., Ellsworth & Scherer, 2003;Fridja, 1993;LeDoux, 1998;Parkinson, 1996). Future researchers are challenged to find inventories that can overcome the self-presentational tendencies of research participants, such as vocalisation as advocated by Weisbuch et al (2009), as it is possible that challenge and threat states are more difficult, or potentially impossible, to accurately assess via self-report measures (Chalabaev et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on consistent evidence linking challenge reactivity and superior motor performance (e.g., Blascovich et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2012;Turner et al, 2012;, we also hypothesized that challenge instructions would result in superior performance compared to threat instructions. Self-reported resource appraisals were also measured, but as self-report measures do not consistently relate to challenge and threat reactivity (e.g., Meijen et al, 2013;Weisbuch et al, 2009) we did not hypothesize differences between challenge and threat instruction conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Manipulating cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat using resource appraisals

Turner

Jones

Sheffield

et al. 2014

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Challenge and threat reflect two distinct psychophysiological approaches to motivated performance situations. Challenge is related to superior performance in a range of tasks compared to threat, thus methods to promote challenge are valuable. In this paper we manipulate challenge and threat cardiovascular reactivity using only resource appraisals, without altering perceived task demands between challenge and threat conditions. Study 1 used a competitive throwing task and Study 2 used a physically demanding climbing task. In both studies challenge task instructions led to challenge cardiovascular reactivity and threat task instructions led to threat cardiovascular reactivity. In study 1, participants who received challenge instructions performed better than participants who received threat instructions. In study 2, attendance at the climbing task did not differ across groups. The findings have implications for stress management in terms of focusing on manipulating appraisals of upcoming tasks by promoting self-efficacy and perceived control, and focusing on approach goals. Future research could more reliably assess the influence of similar task instructions on performance.

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Something to gain, something to lose: The cardiovascular consequences of outcome framing

Cited by 96 publications

References 17 publications

Hair cortisol and self-reported stress in healthy, working adults

Hair cortisol and self-reported stress in healthy, working adults

Champ or Chump?: Challenge and Threat States During Pressurized Competition

Manipulating cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat using resource appraisals

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