“…Volunteering processes are rather different to bystander processes and one-off acts of helping, and however, they tend to involve longer-term and more complex acts of helping in order to address chronic and multi-faceted societal problems, such as food insecurity (Bowe et al, 2019), HIV/AIDS (Omoto & Snyder, 2002;Simon, St€ urmer, & Steffens, 2000), or environmental disasters with long-term consequences (Ntontis et al, 2020). Moreover, due to the additional time commitments usually required when volunteering, volunteers may have the opportunity to develop relationships with fellow volunteers in a way that bystanders do not tend to have.…”