Song Replay During Sleep and Computational Rules for Sensorimotor Vocal Learning

Dave, Amish S.; Margoliash, Daniel

doi:10.1126/science.290.5492.812

Cited by 402 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…EEG recordings reliably indicate sleep in zebra finches, allowing assessment of the sleep͞wake state. Moreover, we were able to monitor state changes on a millisecond time scale, which was not possible in previous studies (4,5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic control of auditory activity during sleep: Correlation between song response and EEG

Nick

Konishi

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The song nucleus high vocal center (HVC) sends neural signals for song production and receives auditory input. By using electroencephalography (EEG) to objectively identify wake͞sleep state, we show that HVC auditory responses change with physiological states. Comparison of EEG and HVC records revealed that HVC response to auditory stimuli is greatest during slow-wave sleep. During slow-wave sleep, HVC neurons responded preferentially to the bird's own song. Strikingly, both spontaneous and forced waking during sleep caused HVC auditory responses to cease within milliseconds of an EEG-measured state change. Statedependent phenomena in downstream nuclei, such as robustus archistriatalis, are likely to be derivatives of those in HVC.T he song system of birds contains neurons that respond to auditory stimuli, particularly the individual bird's own song (BOS) (1). Song-specific responses occur even within the pathway that conveys neural signals to the muscles of the vocal organ (2). Recent studies suggest that auditory responses within this pathway occur primarily or are greatly enhanced under anesthesia or in sleep (3-5). These artificial and natural physiological states seem to lift the gate that controls auditory input. These findings raise two important issues: one concerns the definition of relevant physiological states; the other concerns the primary site of the gate. To address the first question, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the state dependence of high vocal center (HVC) auditory responses and, further, to examine the temporal dynamics of these state changes. For the second question, we discuss the results from HVC with reference to the published data from a follower nucleus, robustus archistriatalis. MethodsAnimals and Surgery. General methods were previously described by Schmidt and Konishi (3). Eighteen adult (Ͼ120 days posthatching) male zebra finches (Taeneopygia guttata) were obtained from our breeding colony or from a local vendor (Magnolia Bird Farm, Los Angeles, CA).Birds were anesthetized with 60-90 l intrapectoral 3 mg/ml ketamine hydrochloride (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, St. Joseph, MO) and 1.5 mg/ml xylazine hydrochloride (Lloyd Laboratories, Shenandoah, IA) in 0.9% sodium chloride 45 min before surgery. After local injection of lidocaine hydrochloride (1% xylocaine, Astra Pharmaceutical, Worcester, MA), the skull was exposed through an incision in the scalp. Small openings were made in the skull over the right HVC, over the right hyperstriatum accessorium anterior to HVC for placement of the reference electrode, and over the right and left hyperstriatum ventrale anterior and lateral to HVC for placement of the EEG electrodes.HVC recording electrodes were made of formvar-insulated nichrome wires (66-m diameter; AM Systems, Everett, WA), the tips of which were coated with rhodium to lower impedance. EEG electrodes were silver wires coated with Teflon (AM Systems). Teflon was stripped from the last Ϸ3 mm (75-m tip diameter). The reference electrode was also 75-m silver wire c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic control of auditory activity during sleep: Correlation between song response and EEG

Nick

Konishi

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Another significant example is from electrophysiology studies, where there has been much recent progress in developing techniques that allow recording from single and multiple units in song nuclei of freely singing animals (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Compared with researchers working on other learned behaviors, birdsong electrophysiologists have a major advantage because of the high stereotypy and accuracy of the complex song patterns of adult birds.…”

Section: Role Of Behavioral Quantification In Achieving Integration Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of developmental birdsong learning from the subsyllabic scale to cultural evolution

Lipkind

Tchernichovski

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Quantitative analysis of behavior plays an important role in birdsong neuroethology, serving as a common denominator in studies spanning molecular to system-level investigation of sensory-motor conversion, developmental learning, and pattern generation in the brain. In this review, we describe the role of behavioral analysis in facilitating cross-level integration. Modern sound analysis approaches allow investigation of developmental song learning across multiple time scales. Combined with novel methods that allow experimental control of vocal changes, it is now possible to test hypotheses about mechanisms of vocal learning. Further, song analysis can be done at the population level across generations to track cultural evolution and multigenerational behavioral processes. Complementing the investigation of song development with noninvasive brain imaging technology makes it now possible to study behavioral dynamics at multiple levels side by side with developmental changes in brain connectivity and in auditory responses.B irdsong neuroethology is a small but diverse and influential subfield of neuroscience, studied in ∼100 laboratories, and covering a range of research areas spanning the molecular to the organismal levels of investigation. The quantification of singing behavior has been a common denominator across most of those studies. Over the past four decades, birdsong neuroethology has made tremendous gains by incorporating existing tools for representing and analyzing sound (1). The sonogram (Fig. 1A) (2-4) provides an excellent descriptive model of singing behavior, and over the past decade several analysis approaches were developed that allow automatic segmentation categorization and comparison of vocal sounds (5-9). In this review, we describe the role of behavioral analysis in the progress made in birdsong neuroethology research.The past 20 y or so have seen rapid progress in understanding the neural and molecular processes involved in song. However, this progress was preceded by a long tradition of quantifying singing behavior (10, 11). Birdsong is uniquely amenable and attractive for behavioral analysis for a number of reasons: adult song is a structured behavior, repeated with a high degree of stereotypy (Fig. 1A). This makes it relatively easy to detect and characterize song structure and components (e.g., notes, syllables, motifs, and phrases) to align song renditions to each other, to assess the degree of similarity between songs, and, ultimately, to relate singing behavior to neuronal events and thus elucidate underlying neural mechanisms. We start by reviewing the role of behavioral quantification in achieving integration across levels of investigation. We then present a short outline of sound analysis techniques currently used for the tracking of developmental song learning, and an experimental approach for hypothesis-driven investigation of song development. Finally, we present a generalization of behavioral analysis to the population and cross-generation levels, and propose some ideas about n...

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“…However, whether this developmental difference in responsiveness extends to feedback is unclear, and recordings made in the HVC of juvenile zebra finches have failed to detect changes in singing-related action potential activity in response to acute feedback perturbations [37]. Alternatively, processes of sensorimotor replay operating during sleep may play a role in organizing a mirror neuron network in HVC [104].…”

Section: Developmental Origins Of Auditory -Vocal Mirroringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory–vocal mirroring in songbirds

Mooney

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Mirror neurons are theorized to serve as a neural substrate for spoken language in humans, but the existence and functions of auditory-vocal mirror neurons in the human brain remain largely matters of speculation. Songbirds resemble humans in their capacity for vocal learning and depend on their learned songs to facilitate courtship and individual recognition. Recent neurophysiological studies have detected putative auditory-vocal mirror neurons in a sensorimotor region of the songbird's brain that plays an important role in expressive and receptive aspects of vocal communication. This review discusses the auditory and motor-related properties of these cells, considers their potential role on song learning and communication in relation to classical studies of birdsong, and points to the circuit and developmental mechanisms that may give rise to auditory-vocal mirroring in the songbird's brain.

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Song Replay During Sleep and Computational Rules for Sensorimotor Vocal Learning

Cited by 402 publications

References 26 publications

Dynamic control of auditory activity during sleep: Correlation between song response and EEG

Dynamic control of auditory activity during sleep: Correlation between song response and EEG

Quantification of developmental birdsong learning from the subsyllabic scale to cultural evolution

Auditory–vocal mirroring in songbirds

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