Sonic Boom Prediction and Mitigation using Three-Dimensional Earth Effects

Sonic Boom Carpet Computation as a Basis for Supersonic Flight Routing

“…There are several other sonic boom ray tracing codes run by either public research institutions or industry [17], but to date and to the best of our knowledge, only PCBoom and our code take account of the Earth's curvature. Rallabhandi notes that "primary boom carpets generally are not impacted by ellipsoid effects" [16]. However, we encountered ray runaways in our previous flat-earth implementation that grew worse with smaller, i.e.…”

“…The core of the presented methodology consists of a proprietary computer code that traces sonic ray paths over a i spherical Earth in arbitrary atmospheres. Being similar in function to NASA's well-established ray tracing code embedded in PCBoom [16], it stops short of computing boom signatures and loudnesses, since our objective is for the (primary j ) sonic boom not to make landfall and not to be heard at all. The algorithm's function was verified against PCBoom, where the respective solutions of test cases were found to match closely.…”

Efficient Near-Field to Mid-Field Sonic Boom Propagation Using a High-Order Space Marching Method

“…[2][3][4][5] The second step of the process propagates the pressure traces extracted from the near-field solution to the ground using a combination of geometrical acoustic ray tracing and a lossy Burgers equation. [6][7][8] The current far-field propagation methods assume that the azimuthal dependence of the near-field solution is insignificant to the wave propagation of the extracted pressure trace. This approach is only accurate when the radial distance at which the near-field solution is extracted is "far enough" away from the aircraft.…”